Family and kinship

Family and Kinship. Social Anthropology

1. Family and kinship By Jomar Joseph Cioco

2. Outline of Report Control of Sexual Relations Forms of Marriage Choice of Spouse Family and Household Residence Patterns Descent Groups Kinship Terminologies and K inship Systems

3. Control of Sexual Relations Trobriand Culture Japanese Culture

4. Control of Sexual Relations

5. Control of Sexual Relations Marriage Culturally sanctioned union between two or more people that establishes certain rights and obligations between the people, their children and their in-laws Incest Taboo Prohibition o f sexual relations between certain close relatives (human nature, harmful inbreeding)

6. Control of Sexual Relations Endogamy Marriage within a particular group or category of individuals Exogamy Marriage outside the group

7. Forms of Marriage Monogamy Both partners have just one spouse Most common form Serial Monogamy Marrying series of partners in succession

8. Forms of Marriage Polygamy Once spouse having multiple spouses Polygyny Man married to many women at one time Polyandry Woman married to many men at one time

9. Forms of Marriage Group Marriage Several men and women have sexual access to one another

10. Forms of Marriage Levirate Woman marries one of the brothers of deceased husband Sororate Man marries the sister of deceased wife

11. Levirate Sororate

12. Choice of Spouse Cousin Marriage Parallel cousins – child of a father’s brother or mother’s sister Cross cousins – child of a mother’s brother or father’s sister Same-sex Marriage

13. Choice of Spouse

14. Family and Household Family Two or more people related by blood or marriage or adoption Household Basic residential unit where economic, consumption, inheritance and child rearing are organized and carried out

15. Family and Household Conjugal Family Family established through marriage Consanguineal Family Family of blood relatives consisting of related women, their brothers and the women’s offspring

16. Family and Household Nuclear Family One or two parents and dependent offspring Extended family Two or more related nuclear families clustered together

17. Family and Household

18. Family and Household Minimal Supplemented Nuclear

19. Family and Household Cohabitation Unmarried couples Single-parent Cohabitation breakups

20. Patrilocal residence – married couple lives with the husband’s father’s place of residence Residence Patterns

21. Matrilocal Residence – married couple lives in the wife’s mother’s place of residence Residence Patterns

22. Residence Patterns Avuncolocal Residence – married couple goes to live with the groom’s mother’s brother

23. Residence Patterns Ambilocal Residence – married couple may choose either a matrilocal or patrilocal residence

24. Residence Patterns Neolocal residence – married couple establishes its household in a location apart from either the husband’s or wife’s relative

25. Descent Groups Kinship Network of relatives within which individuals possess certain mutual rights and obligations Descent Group Any kinship group with a member lineally descending from a common ancestor

26. Descent Groups Matrilineal Descent Descent traced exclusively through the female line to establish group membership Patrilineal Descent Descent traced exclusively through the male line to establish group membership

27. Descent Groups Matrilineal Descent

28. Descent Groups Patrilineal Descent

29. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship Systems Eskimo (lineal system) – emphasizes nuclear family by specifically identifying the mother, father, brother and sister, while lumping all other relatives into broad categories such as cousin, uncle and aunt.

30. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship Systems Eskimo

31. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship Systems Hawaiian (generational system) - relatives of the same sex and generation are referred to by same term

32. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship Systems Hawaiian

33. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship Systems Iroquois – father and father’s brother are given a single term, as mother and mother’s sister. But father’s sister and mother’s brother are given separate terms. Parallel cousins are called brothers and sisters, cross cousins are called separately.

34. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship Systems Iroquois – father and father’s brother are given a single term, as mother and mother’s sister. But father’s sister and mother’s brother are given separate terms. Parallel cousins are called brothers and sisters, cross cousins are called separately.

35. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship Systems Crow – associated with matrilineal descent in which a father’s sister and father’s sister’s daughter are called by the same term, mother and mother’s sister are merged under another, and father and father’s brother are lumped in a third. Parallel cousins are equated with brothers and sisters.

36. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship Systems Crow – associated with matrilineal descent in which a father’s sister and father’s sister’s daughter are called by the same term, mother and mother’s sister are merged under another, and father and father’s brother are lumped in a third. Parallel cousins are equated with brothers and sisters.

37. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship Systems Omaha – associated with patrilineal descent in which a mother’s brother and mother’s brother’s son are called by the same term, father and father’s brother are merged under another, and mother and mother’s sister are lumped in a third. Parallel cousins are equated with brothers and sisters.

38. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship Systems Omaha – associated with patrilineal descent in which a mother’s brother and mother’s brother’s son are called by the same term, father and father’s brother are merged under another, and mother and mother’s sister are lumped in a third. Parallel cousins are equated with brothers and sisters.

39. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship Systems Sudanese – father, father’s brother and mother’s brother are distinguished from one another as mother, mother’s sister and father’s sister. Cross and parallel cousins are distinguished from each other as well as from siblings.

40. Kinship Terminologies and Kinship Systems Sudanese – father, father’s brother and mother’s brother are distinguished from one another as mother, mother’s sister and father’s sister. Cross and parallel cousins are distinguished from each other as well as from siblings.

41. Sources Haviland , et al. The Essence of Anthropology. Belmont: Wadsworth, 2010 . Haviland , William. Anthropology. Belmont City: Thomson Learning Inc., 2003.