Family as a Social Institution

Social foundations of Guidance and Counseling

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1. Family Kisha Marie C. Espiritu

2. Presentation Outline Introduction Terms and Definition Major Concepts Key Personalities and their Contributions Contribution to the Development of the Individual Contribution to the Field of Guidance and Counseling The Need to Study It References

3. Introduction Social Institutions structures and mechanisms of social order Cooperation governing the behavior of a set of individuals within a given human collectivity General Functions: 1. Satisfies the basic needs of society 2. Defines dominant social values 3. Establishes permanent patterns of social behavior 4. Supports other institutions 5. Provides roles for individuals The basic institutions: family, religion, government, education, economics New social institutions have been established with the growth of industrialized societies: Mass Media, Sports, Science and Medicine, Military

4. What is Family ?

5. Family in the Children’s Perspective (from the Australian Video) A member (e.g. pet, father, mother, sibling, relative) someone who: supports, cares, loves doing activities together living together being married Culture and citizenship

6. “Family” (15 th century) - Latin word “ familia ” ; derived from “ famulus ” meaning servant - must have been used to refer to all the slaves and servants living under one roof, including the entire household that is the master, on the one hand, and the wife, children and servants living under his control - the social unit which endows the child with social norms, values, rules and regulations through the process of enculturation. Terms and Definition

7. Terms and Definition Family primary social institution of a society “A social group characterised by common residence, economic cooperation and reproduction. It includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially approved sexual relationship, and one or more children, own or adopted, of the sexually cohabiting adults.” (Murdock, 1949). - The World Population Plan of Action affirms that "the family is the basic unit of society and should be protected by appropriate legislation and policy" ( para . 14(g)).

8. Terms and Definition Kinship - a social bond, based on blood, marriage or adoption Family Unit - A social group of two or more people, related by blood, marriage, or adoption, who usually live together . U.S. Census definition of family

9. PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF A FAMILY Stable Satisfaction of Sex need Reproduction and Imbibing Social Values Protection and care of the young Socialization Provision of Home Major Concepts

10. Stable Satisfaction of Sex need Satisfaction of sex instinct brings the desire for life long partnership of husband and wife. Satisfaction of this sex needs in a desirable way helps in the normal development of personality family as an institution regularises the satisfaction of biological needs Major Concepts

11. Reproduction and Imbibing Social Values - nutures the child and imbibe in him the ways of the society through the process of enculturation preparing him to accept statuses of adulthood - the family’s primary purpose is procreation: The family functions to produce and socialize children Major Concepts

12. 3. Protection and care of the young - The child at birth is completely helpless and cannot survive at all without the help of the family. It is the family which provides care, protection, security (Physical, mental) and fulfils all other needs to make him fit in the society. Major Concepts

13. 4. Socialization - The process by which children learn to become human and adopt certain behavior . - Children learn from what they see and experience in their developing years. Major Concepts

14. 5. Provision of Home - Family makes a provision of a home or a common habitation for its members.  - All the members of the family depend on home for comfort, protection and peace. Major Concepts

15. PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF A FAMILY Stable Satisfaction of Sex need Reproduction and Imbibing Social Values Protection and care of the young Socialization Provision of Home Major Concepts

16. SECONDARY FUNCTIONS OF A FAMILY Economic function Educational function Religious function Recreational function Protective function Major Concepts

17. 1. Economic Function - The family fulfils the economic needs of its members. - Family fulfils all the economic needs of its members such as food, clothing, shelter etc. The goods required by its members are produced at home. Major Concepts

18. 2. Educational Function - Family is regarded as the first school of children. - The family provides the basis for the child's formal learning and gives the child his basic training in the social attitudes and habits. Major Concepts

19. 3. Religious Function - The family is a centre for the religious training of the children. - The family used to teach the children the religious values, moral precepts etc. - It is through the family that religious inheritance is passed on to the next generation. Major Concepts

20. 4. Recreational Function - Family is the centre of recreation. - It serves as a centre of all recreational activities like singing, dancing, playing indoor games etc. - The small children are the source of recreation for the elders. Major Concepts

21. 5. Protective Function - Family always looks after the health of its members both young and old. - It takes up the responsibility of its members and maintains sound and good health. Major Concepts

22. Types of FAMILY STRUCTURES Nuclear Family Extended Family Blended Family Childless Family Single-Parent Family Same-sex Family Families of affinity Major Concepts

23. Nuclear Family - consists of a married couple (man and woman) with their children, own or adopted. - In certain cases, one or more additional persons may also reside with them. - This type of family is prevalent in almost all societies. Major Concepts

24. Extended Family - consists of two or more nuclear families affiliated through extension of the parent-child relationship - a family that includes in one household near relatives (such as grandparents, aunts, or uncles) in addition to a nuclear family Major Concepts

25. Blended Family - formed when divorced or widowed parents who have children marry Major Concepts

26. Childless Family - families with two parents who cannot have or don't want kids - In the past, growing up, getting married, and having children was the norm, but in today's world, more people are choosing to postpone having children or deciding not to have any Major Concepts

27. Single-Parent Family - families with children under by a parent who is widowed or divorced and not remarried, or by a parent who has never married a person who lives with a child or children without a wife, husband or partner. A single parent may have either sole custody of the child or joint physical custody, where the child lives part-time with each parent. Major Concepts

28. Same-sex/LGBT Parenting Family refers to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people raising one or more children as parents or foster care parents. This includes: children raised by same-sex couples (same-sex parenting), children raised by single LGBT parents, and children raised by an opposite-sex couple where at least one partner is LGBT. ***https ://lifestyleasia.onemega.com/the-tale-of-two-wives-inside-the-marriage-of-angie-and-joey-mead-king/ Major Concepts

29. Families of Affinity - People with or without blood ties or legal ties, feel they belong together and want to self define themselves as a family Major Concepts

30. Types of Family Conjugal - includes only a husband, a wife, and unmarried children who are not of age. Consanguineal – consists of a parent, his or her children, and other relatives. Major Concepts

31. Residential Patterns Patrilocality -- married couple live with or near their husband’s family Matrilocal --married couple live with or near their wife’s family Neolocal -- married couple lives apart from both spouses families. Major Concepts

32. System of Authority Our marriage and family customs developed within a system of patriarchy. Patriarchal : social system in which men dominate women Matriarchal: social system in which women dominate men Egalitarian : equality in authority Major Concepts

33. Key Personalities and their Contribution

34. Friedrich Engels (late 19 th to early 20 th century) German philosopher, communist, social scientist developed what now is known as the Marxist theory together with Karl Marx co-authored The Communist Manifesto with Marx  explicitly linked the rise of the monogamous nuclear family to sedentary agriculture, the development of private property, and the elaboration of exchange relations between men In his evolutionary scheme of things, a gendered division of labour which associated women with the domestic sphere and childcare, and men with the outside domain, was both natural and egalitarian Key Personalities and their Contribution

35. George Peter Murdock (May 11, 1897 – March 29, 1985) - also known as G. P. Murdock, was an American anthropologist - He is remembered for his empirical approach to ethnological studies and his study of family and kinship structures across differing cultures - The family performs Four Essential functions to meet the needs of society and its members: 1. Stable Satisfaction of the Sex Drive 2. Reproduction of the next generation 3. Socialization of the young 4. Meeting its members’ economic needs - Murdock recognizes that other institutions could perform these functions but argues that the nuclear family is universal (in the 250 societies that he studied) because its ‘sheer practicality’ in performing the four essential functions.

36. Bronislaw Malinowski (7 April 1884 – 16 May 1942)  In 1914, he travelled to  Papua  (in what would later become Papua New Guinea), where he conducted fieldwork at  Mailu Island and then, more famously, in the  Trobriand Islands. On his most famous trip to the area, he became stranded due to the outbreak of World War I. Malinowski was not allowed to return to Europe from the British-controlled region because, though Polish by ethnicity, he was a subject of Austria-Hungary. Australian authorities gave him the opportunity of conducting research in Melanesia, an opportunity he happily embraced. It was during this period that he conducted his fieldwork on the Kula ring and advanced the practice of participant observation, which remains the hallmark of ethnographic research today .

37. Bronislaw Malinowski (7 April 1884 – 16 May 1942)  - Malinowski argued that culture functioned to meet the needs of individuals rather than society as a whole. - He reasoned that when the needs of individuals, who comprise society, are met, then the needs of society are met. - To Malinowski, the feelings of people and their motives were crucial knowledge to understand the way their society functioned: “Besides the firm outline of tribal constitution and crystallized cultural items which form the skeleton, besides the data of daily life and ordinary behavior , which are, so to speak, its flesh and blood, there is still to be recorded the spirit—the natives' views and opinions and utterances. ” —  Argonauts, p. 22.

38. Meyer Fortes   (April 25, 1906 – January 27, 1983) a South African-born anthropologist, best known for his work among the  Tallensi  and Ashanti in Ghana. Originally trained in psychology, Fortes employed the notion of the "person" into his structural-functional analyses of kinship, the family, and ancestor worship setting a standard for studies on African social organization. For Fortes, the minimal unit of kinship was the mother—child dyad, which he saw as ‘demonstrable’ and hence natural. Fatherhood and other kinship relations, it followed, were socially rather than obviously biologically based, and could be organized in a variety of different ways in different cultures.

39. Lewis Henry Morgan (November 21, 1818 – December 17, 1881) was a pioneering American anthropologist and social theorist who worked as a railroad lawyer He is best known for his work on kinship and social structure, his theories of social evolution, and his ethnography of the Iroquois (Native American Confederacy) Morgan’s kinship study led him to develop his theory of  cultural evolution , which was set forth in  Ancient Society, or Researches in the Lines of Human Progress from Savagery through Barbarism to Civilization  (1877). Society had progressed from a hunting-and-gathering stage (which he denoted by the term “savagery”) to a stage of settled agriculture (“barbarism”) and then on to an  urban society  possessing a more advanced agriculture (“civilization”). His theory that human social life advanced from an initial stage of promiscuity through various forms of family life that culminated in  monogamy  has long been held obsolete, however.

40. Family has a great impact on human behavior as it is the first environment that individuals have. The social unit provides opportunity for stable moral foundations and healthy interaction. It affects the individual in contributing positively to build a strong and effective society. It performs several functions of the society that makes it the most important social institution. Contribution to the Development of the Individual

41. Family helps in the field of guidance and counseling by its participation in the growth and development of individuals. It has a significant role of assisting and guiding the individual in reaching his/her full potential. The family has a great impact in decision-making of an individual. Contributions to the Field of Guidance and Counseling

42. Understanding the basic social unit of an individual to evaluate a deeply rooted need Understand how society changes over time through the basic social unit To know how an individual acts the way they do in their environment To protect future generations and maximize its potentials by conducting research and applying effective measures that would benefit the other institutions through this institution The Need To Study It

43. Kiyani, H. (2014). Sociology - the family institution [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/hifzakiyani5/sociology-35847129 Indira Gandhi National Open University. (n.d.). Unit 4 family. Retrieved from egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/41279/1/Unit-4.pdf Thompson, K. (2016). Defining the family. Retrieved from https://revisesociology.com/2016/08/08/defining-the-family/ Sarhandi, N. (2018). Importance of social institutions of society. Retrieved from https://nayyab.wordpress.com/2010/04/08/importance-of-social-institutions-of-society/ Australian Institute of Family Studies [AIFStv]. (2015, May 4). What is family? (with subtitles and audio description) [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzlxG2B2neU Encyclopaedia of Children’s Health. ( n.d ). Single parent families. Retrieved from http :// www.healthofchildren.com/S/Single-Parent-Families.html#ixzz5faFDXmYK American Psychological Association.(2019).Families: single-parenting and today’s family. Retrieved from https:// www.apa.org/helpcenter/single-parent SparkNotes LLC.(2019).Social institutions summary.Retrieved from https://www.sparknotes.com/sociology/social-institutions/section3/page/2/ UN.Org .( n.d ).The family, its roles, composition and structure.Retrieved from http://www.un.org/popin/icpd/prepcomm/official/rap/RAP4.html References

44. Questions

45. Question # 1: According to G.P. Murdock , it is a social group characterised by common residence, economic cooperation and reproduction. Kinship Family Conjugal None of the Above

46. Question # 2: It is a basic function of a family to produce and socialize children . Economic Education Protection and Care of the Young Reproduction and Imbibing Social Values

47. Question # 3: It is a residential pattern where a married couple lives apart from both spouses families. Matrilocal Patrilocal Neolocal

48. Question # 4: This anthropologist travelled to Papua New Guinea, where he conducted fieldwork at  Mailu Island and then, more famously, in the Trobriand Islands. He mentioned that the feelings of people and their motives were crucial knowledge to understand the way their society functioned. Bronislaw Malinowski Meyer Fortes Lewis Henry Morgan Friedrich Engels

49. Question # 5: If we consider our class as a family, what family structure best describes our class: Foundations of Guidance? Nuclear Family Extended Family Blended Family Family of Affinity