Family in Health and Disease - Dr. Sujatha Sathananthan

Family in Health and Disease - Dr. Sujatha Sathananthan

1. Family in Health and Disease Dr. Sujatha S athananthan MD., DPH., Assistant Professor Department of Community Medicine Chengalpattu Medical College

2. Family Is a group of biologically related individuals living together and eating from a common kitchen I s a primary unit of all societies November 9, 2018 2 Chengalpattu Medical College

3. Importance of family Family is the fundamental unit of all societies – the health status of a society and its behavior in a disease state largely depends on the outlook of the families. Socio cultural factors are deeply involved in health and diseases – eg : food taboos. Some of the cultural factors have stood in the way of implementing health programmes esp where a change in behavior is warranted. Eg : open air defecation November 9, 2018 3 Chengalpattu Medical College

4. Importance of family Many habits – good and bad are mostly are inculcated from the family – these have a bearing on the health of the individual- eg : regular exercise , diet etc., Medical practice / community health activities ultimately deals with only families Information regarding cultural beliefs, customs, habits are essential in providing a medical advice / health programme . November 9, 2018 4 Chengalpattu Medical College

5. Family As a Biological unit As a Social unit As a Cultural unit As a Economical unit As a Epidemiological unit As a Operational unit November 9, 2018 5 Chengalpattu Medical College

6. Family Biological unit: members share a pool of genes – familial diseases Social unit : they share a common physical and social environment – environmental factors for diseases Cultural unit : family reflects the culture of wider societies – acceptance of newer initiatives Epidemiological unit : a unit for providing social services and comprehensive health care. November 9, 2018 6 Chengalpattu Medical College

7. Family of origin : family into which one is born Family of procreation : family which one sets up after marriage November 9, 2018 7 Chengalpattu Medical College

8. Family life cycle Phases of family cycle Beginning of phase End of phase 1. Formation Marriage Birth of first child 2. Extension Birth of first child Birth of last child 3. Complete Extension Birth of last child 1 st child leaves home of parents 4. Contraction 1 st child leaves home of parents Last child leaves home of parents 5. Complete Contraction Last child leaves home of parents 1 st spouse dies 6. Dissolution 1st spouse dies Death of the survivor [extinction] November 9, 2018 8 Chengalpattu Medical College

9. Family cycle marriage to 1st child birth Birth of 1st child to birth of last child Birth of last child until 1st child leaves home 1st child leaves home up to last child leaves home of the parents Last child has left the home of parents up to 1st spouse dies death of 1st spouse to death of the other spouse November 9, 2018 9 Chengalpattu Medical College

10. Critical development periods November 9, 2018 10 Chengalpattu Medical College

11. Critical development period Outcome ? Stress factors Disaster, death of dear ones etc., November 9, 2018 11 Chengalpattu Medical College

12. Critical development period Outcome ? Stress factors Disaster, death of dear ones etc., Emotional support, social support , provisions Succesfull tiding over the period November 9, 2018 12 Chengalpattu Medical College

13. Stress In child hood : insecurity , marital discord, prenatal rejection, institutional rearing . Adolescence: drug abuse, in appropriate sexual behaviour . Parenthood : art of parenting does not come naturally and easy. Ageing : social adaptations during the old age, mental health aspects. November 9, 2018 13 Chengalpattu Medical College

14. Critical period : November 9, 2018 14 Chengalpattu Medical College

15. Types of family Nuclear family Joint family Three generation family November 9, 2018 15 Chengalpattu Medical College

16. Types of family : Nuclear family : elementary family Consists of married couple and their dependent children Husband plays a dominant role More burden on child rearing due to absence of grand parents , aunts etc., Husband – wife relation ship is more intimate New families: < 10 years November 9, 2018 16 Chengalpattu Medical College

17. Joint / extended family: Family grouping common in India, Africa, far east and the Middle East. More in agricultural areas than in urban areas Consists of number of married couples and their children living in the same house hold All men are blood related and women are their wives, or daughters All property is held in common Senior male member is vested with the authority Familial relations enjoy primacy over marital relations November 9, 2018 17 Chengalpattu Medical College

18. Advantages Sharing of responsibilities in all matters Gives a greater economic and social security November 9, 2018 18 Chengalpattu Medical College

19. Three generation family Household with representatives of three generations Related to each other by direct descent , live together. November 9, 2018 19 Chengalpattu Medical College

20. Functions of the family Residence Division of labour Reproduction and bringing up of children Socialization Economic functions Social care November 9, 2018 20 Chengalpattu Medical College

21. Function of a family Residence : clean and decent home . Patrilocal / matrilocal Division of labour : male – earns the living and supports the family female – day to da responsibility of children, running the household. Now a days coming together and sharing responsibilities – heading towards communal family. November 9, 2018 21 Chengalpattu Medical College

22. Function of a family Reproduction and bringing up children : Very important function Mother takes care of the infant upto a certain age.. Father provides for education and teaches social customs Socialization: transfer point of civilization , cultural patterns relating to eating, cleanliness, dress, speech , language, behaviour and attitudes are all transmitted through family . November 9, 2018 22 Chengalpattu Medical College

23. Functions of the family Economic functions : - Inheritance of property , control over certain property. Social care: Status Protecting members from insult, defamation reg ulating marital activities of the members Regulating to political, religious, social activities November 9, 2018 23 Chengalpattu Medical College

24. Family in Health & Disease Child rearing Socialization Personality formation Stabilization of adult personality Care of the dependant adults Familial susceptability to disease Broken family Problem family November 9, 2018 24 Chengalpattu Medical College

25. Child rearing : physical care of the young is based upon the capital sources, knowledge, state of technology and system of values Socialization: process by which individuals devlop quantities essential for functioning effectively in the society in which they live. Teaching the young values of society, culture, beleifs , code of conduct . November 9, 2018 25 Chengalpattu Medical College

26. Personality formation: The capacity of an individual to withstand stress and strain and the way he interacts with others is determined by his experiences with the family members. Family = placenta November 9, 2018 26 Chengalpattu Medical College

27. Care of dependent adults Care of the sick and the injured : family is charged with responsibility of care of the sick, esp mother. Much depends on her understanding and her attitude. Care of women during pregnancy and child birth : attitude of the society determines maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality.some societies give financial, nutritional help and maternity leave Care of the aged and handicapped : much needed with increase in the population of the aged and their health problems . November 9, 2018 27 Chengalpattu Medical College

28. Stabilization of adult personality Shock absorber to the stress and strain of life. Helps the individual to obtain mental equilibrium Strive to maintain stable relationship with others Helps to meet their emotional needs November 9, 2018 28 Chengalpattu Medical College

29. FAMILY SUSCEPTABILITY TO DISEASE Share a pool of genes,common environment Hemophilia , colour blindness, diabetes, mental illness Communicable diseases common Congenital abnormalities common in consanguineous marriage November 9, 2018 29 Chengalpattu Medical College

30. BROKEN FAMILY The parents have separated or death has occured of one or both parents Parental separation Dual – parental seperation Children of broken families early in childhood later they develop psychopathic behaviour, immature personality ,retardation of growth, speech and intellect. Children of broken families may drift away to prostitution, crime and vagrancy November 9, 2018 30 Chengalpattu Medical College

31. PROBLEM FAMILY Standards of life are generally far below the accepted minimum and parents are unable to meet the physical and emotional needs of their children. Home life is utterly unsatisfactory Underlying factors : Personality, relationship, backwardness ,poverty, illness, mental and emotional instablity , character defects and marital hormony Children reared in these families are victims of prostitution, crime and vagrancy November 9, 2018 31 Chengalpattu Medical College

32. Thank You November 9, 2018 32 Chengalpattu Medical College