Family planning

Description of family planning methods

1. FAMILY PLANNING NARESH GORANTLA M.Pharm ..,( Ph.D ) ASST PROFESSOR DEPT OF PHARMACEUTICS BALAJI COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, ANANTAPUR.

2. Family planning means to plan and limit the size of the family in accordance with the social, economic and health conditions so as to ensure that the family is happy both physically and mentally. Replaced by family welfare-related to quality of life. Family # community # nation. Small family- economically better family

3. Family planning methods I. Temporary methods II. Permanent methods

4. Temporary methods: Natural methods Sexual abstinence method * Coitus interruptus * (withdrawal method) Safe period Basal body temperature method Cervical mucus method Vaginal washing method

5. Temporary methods: Spacing methods: Barrier contraceptives ( mechanical methods ) Condom * Diaphragm Intrauterine devices Chemical methods Foam tablets Contraceptive creams and jellies Soluble tablets Oral contraceptives.

6. B. Permanent methods: Vasectomy * Tubectomy Laparoscopy Medical termination of pregnancy

7. Sexual abstinence method Complete stoppage of sexual contacts. Complete effective method Employed specially on unhealthy condition of the partner

8. Coitus interruptus Withdrawal method Penis is withdrawn from vagina just before ejaculation. No artificial device is required. Failure rate is very high 10-20%

9. Safe period Women normally produces one ovum every month roughly 10 th to 20 th day after the onset of menstrual cycle (unsafe period) Avoid sexual intercourse during this period

10. Basal body temperature method Temperature of body at rest During menstrual cycle BBT raises atleast 0.4°F because of release of progesterone after ovulation. Chart is prepared for several months data. Rise in temp indicates ovulation period During that period intercourse is avoided.

11. Cervical mucus method Based on changes takes place in cervical discharge during menstrual cycle. Changes in amount, color and touch. After menstrual bleeding, no mucus is observed (dry days) After dry days sticky, transparent and watery mucus discharge- ovulation stage. Because of the secretion of harmones oestrogen and progesterone.

12. Washing vagina immediately after intercourse. Water mixed with vinegar, alum, salt , lemon juice, soap is used. Vaginal washing method

13. Condom Very thin sheath of rubber latex or silicon which can be stretched according to size. Oldest and widely used method. Used along with a spermicide . Protection against STD.

14. Diaphragm Dome shaped device made up of soft rubber or latex and fitted with a spring in its rim. Varying sizes 50 to 105 mm but common is 70 to 80 mm Left in vagina for 6 hrs, then removed, washed with soap water and preserved.

15. Intra uterine devices(IUD) Inserted into uterine Lippes loop- double S shaped device made of polyethylene. Attached with small nylon threads. Contains small amount of barium.

16. Copper-T- made of PE and copper wire is wrapped around the device. Nylon threads May be replaced every 3-5 years.

17. Chemical methods-foam tablets Tablets containing spermicidal agent and are inserted deep into vagina after moistening with water just 5-10 mins before the intercourse. Produce thick foam which will reduce the mobility of sperm and kills the sperm cells.

18. Contraceptive creams and jellies Introduced into vagina with the help of applicator Melts at body temperature and provides a thin film acts as chemical barrier. Aerosols

19. Soluble tablets Pessaries Contains spermicidal agents Releases at body temperature.

20. Oral contraceptives Contains small amounts of oestrogen and progesterone. Effective and reversible method Prevents pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation. Each packet contains 28 pills Starting from 4 th day of menstruation.

21. vasectomy Simple operation- 15 to 20 mins . Small cut on both sides of the scrotum. Cut has made on to the Vas deferens and tied up to prevent the flow of sperm cells into the semen. Does not require hospitalization.

22. Tubectomy Small piece of each fallopian tube is removed by cutting and the ends are tied up so as to block the passage of ovum. Hospitalization for 5 to 7 days.

23. Laparoscopy Specialized instrument called Laparoscope. Vaginal Hysterectomy Through a small opening on abdomen. Fallopian rings are applied on to the fallopian tubes to stop the passage of ovum.

24. MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY Abortion: Expulsion or removal of an embryo or foetus from womb at a stage of pregnancy. Death due to illegal abortions performed by untrained persons. Abortions under insanitary conditions. Unskilled efforts and dirty apparatus. To save the lives of women due to illegal abortions in 1971 an Act was introduced i.e. Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971.

25. Scope of the Act: Legalisation of abortions which can be done by a qualified doctor under certain conditions. Wide publicity should be given. Medical termination of pregnancy should not be considered as family planning. Repeated termination of pregnancy is harmful to women. If pregnancy occurs due to failure of contraceptive methods.

26. Conditions under which pregnancy can be terminated under MTP Act: To save the life when there is danger due to pregnancy. To prevent injury to the physical or mental health of the mother. On humanitarian grounds where the pregnancy has occurred due to rape. Where there is a substantial reason to believe that the child to be born would suffer from physical or mental abnormalities. When the pregnancy occurs due to failure of contraceptive method. If there is a fear that the environment or the circumstances of the pregnant woman may cause injury to her health.

27. MTP should be done by a qualified doctor in a hospital which have the necessary equipment and facilities under safe and hygienic conditions and also should be approved by govt. Usually no complications but sometimes fever or menstrual disturbances. If pregnancy is to be terminated, then it must be as early as possible, preferably Before 12 weeks.

28. Any Questions???

29. For the patient listening