FCC Technology on different available processes

FCC Tehnology

1. FCCU - Typical Configuration

2. Houdry’s Fixed Bed reactor Cracking and regeneration steps carried out simultaneously. Catalyst in the form of pellets Amorphous silica-alumina catalyst Catalyst filled in tubes Cooling tubes to control the temp during regeneration License fee - $125 / bbl against 15 cents /bbl for other processes

3. Model I FCC Model-I : Upflow reactor Powdered catalyst Amorphous silica-alumina catalyst Feed injection in short riser Single regenerator Multiple cat hopers First commercial unit started in 1942 with capacity 13,300 BPD Before start of commercial TCC unit

4. Model II & III FCC Model-II: Downflow Single regenerator Minimized vessels First commercial unit started in 1942 with capacity 17,000 BPD Model-III: Simplified structure Dense & Dilute beds separated Lower regenerator elevation Improved spent catalyst regeneration

5. Model IV FCC by 1952 Higher pr. & velocities Cat circ by diff. pressure Introduced slide valves Introduction of stripper Zeolite catalyst in 1970 Riser cracking Resid FCC in 1990s Improved Internals for improving efficiency

6. The Evolution of FCCU 6

7. Kellogg Orthoflow FCC Converter ( Resid )FCC Configurations Orthoflow Resid FCC Converter

8. UOP RFCC Unit UOP high efficiency Regenerator RFCCU ( Resid ) FCC Units Fast fluidized regenerator Two-stage regenerator Turbulent fluidized regenerator UOP FCCU

9. Two Stage Regeneration RFCC unit by SWEC R2R unit by Axens