Female reproductive system of Birds, reptiles and mammals

Anatomical comparative presentation of Female reproductive system: Lizard : Pigeon : Rabbit

1. Female Reproductive System A comparative anato my presentation By- Rupshikha Deka Tapan Moran Department of Zoology Tinsukia College: Tinsukia Mammals, Aves & Reptiles

2. CONTENTS Female reproductive system of Reptile. Female reproductive system of Aves. Female reproductive system of Mammals. Comparison : Lizard, Aves & Mammals

3. Introduction: General Account of Vertebrate’s Reproductive System Types of Reproduction Female Reproductive system.

4. Comparison : female reproductive organ & their structures of Lizard, Pigeon & Rabbit Lizard Pigeon Rabbit

5. Female Reproductive system Reptiles (Lizard) Terrestrial, aquatic, oviparous. Sexes different. Fertilization internal Development direct or indirect. Typical cloaca present FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF LIZARD

6. Major organ of female reproductive system of Reptile Ovaries Oviduct Shell Gland Uterus Vagina & vestibule Vulva Milk Gland

7. Ovaries: Small Paierd , white Left ovary is attached to the right one. Oviduct: Oviducts are two long, white and thin wall. Open separately into urodaeum . Shell gland: It covers the fertilized egg. Uterus: They are mainly absent. Vagina and vestibule: Opens dorsally in to urodaeum . Vestibule lacking. Vulva: No vulva. Cloaca opens through a slit like apperature . Milk gland: Usually absent.

8. PARTS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF REPTILES FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF LIZARD

9. Breading season: During March, April in Northern India Fertilization: Internal inside oviduct. Within the cloaca . Eggs: 10-15 large, dirty, white shelled egg. Laid in burrow. Incubation: No incubation Development: Outside the body in eggs on land. There is no metamorphosis.

10. Reproductive system in Aves (Pigeon) FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF AVES

11. Female Reproductive system of Aves Aves are the first warm blooded vertebrate. Sexes are separate. They reproduce sexually. Example- Pigeon FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF AVES

12. PARTS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF AVES Only left ovary. 1 pair kidney. Ureter . FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF AVES

13. Female Reproductive organs of Aves Ovaries. Oviducts. Shell gland. Uterus. Vagina and vestibule. Vulva. Milk gland. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF AVES

14. Ovaries- Only the left ovary functional. It is large and irregular. Its surface has numerous egg follicle. Oviduct It is a long and wide tube. Open into cloaca. Antrorly open near ovary. Shell gland Includes magnum, uterus and vagina. Uterus Secrete hard calcareous egg shell. True uterus is absent. Vagina and vestibule Last part of oviduct. Open into roof of urodaeum . Vestibule absent. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF AVES

15. Vulva No vulva . Cloaca opens into cloacal aperature . Milk glands is present to feed young ones. it is secreted by crop gland. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF AVES

16. Major reproductive function Breeding season All the year round. Fertilization internal, inside oviduct. Meeting of male and female sex organ. Egg Usually 2. Large, oval, white shell egg. Incubation Both parent incubate. Development outside the body. Takes place in shell egg. Without metamorphosis. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF AVES

17. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF MAMMALS Rabbit Sexes different. Copulation- throughout the year. Fertilization internal. Development direct . Shows parental care. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF MAMMALS

18. Reproductive organs: Ovaries- 1 pair Small. whitish. oval bodies. Oviducts- 1 pair fallopian tube: coiled , narrow, internally ciliated and glandular. Uterus: long, thick, muscular, glandular and coiled with wider diameter. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF MAMMALS

19. PARTS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF MAMMAL FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF MAMMALS Vagina Forms by the uteri of both the sides join together along the median line to form a common wide passage. Vestibule Also called urinogenital canal . Common passes for vagina and urinary bladder. Clitoris small, erectile, and knob-like. Accessory sex glands Bartholin’s or Cowper’s glands . A pair of perineal glands . Rectal glands .

20. COMPARISON Small ovaries are present in Reptiles & Mammals, only left & large ovary is present in Aves. Oviducts in Reptile & Aves open into cloaca which is long & wide, but in mammals, it opens into vagina. Uterus is absent is Reptiles but present in Aves & Mammals. Calcareous shell gland present in Reptiles & Aves, but it is lack in Mammals. Milk gland absent in Reptiles, Crop gland in Aves and Mammary gland in Mammals. Among them, the reproductive system of mammals is mostly advanced.

21. Comparison : female reproductive organ & their structures of Lizard, Pigeon & Rabbit Lizard Pigeon Rabbit

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