Female Reproductive System..........pptx

Female Reproductive System

1. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN Members: Perosa , John Kenneth Pongos , Zhenlie Sarabia ,

2. - also known as genital system - is a complex and vital network of organs responsible for producing sex hormones, generating eggs, facilitating fertilization and pregnancy, and ultimately enabling childbirth. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN

3. Primary Function of Female Reproductive Organ 1 Production of sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) Production of ova (eggs) 2 3 4 Fertilization and Pregnancy Childbirth

4. 1 Production of sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) - The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone, hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle, influence secondary sexual characteristics, and support pregnancy.

5. 2 Production of Ova (eggs) - The ovaries also house and mature eggs, which are released during ovulation.

6. 3 Fertilization and Pregnancy - When a sperm cell fertilizes an egg, it initiates pregnancy. The fertilized egg, or zygote, travels to the uterus, where it implants and develops into a fetus.

7. 4 Childbirth - The uterus, with its powerful muscles, expands to accommodate the growing fetus and then contracts during labor to expel the baby through the vagina.

8. THE INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN

9. The Internal Reproductive Organ 1 OVARY 2 3 4 UTERUS VAGINA FALLOPIAN TUBE

10. OVARY - The ovaries are two small, almond-shaped organs situated on either side of the uterus.

11. The structures and function of the ovary - The ovaries are composed of follicles, each containing an immature egg. The ovulation process - During ovulation, a mature egg is released from a follicle and travels through the fallopian tube . Hormone Production - the ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone, which regulate the menstrual cycle and play crucial roles in pregnancy .

12. FALLOPIAN TUBE - The fallopian tubes are two narrow, muscular tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus. They serve as pathways for the egg to travel from the ovary to the uterus and are the site of fertilization.

13. The structures and function of Fallopian Tube - The fallopian tubes have finger-like projections called fimbriae that capture the released egg . Transport of ovum to the uterus - The egg is propelled through the fallopian tube by tiny hairs called cilia. Site of Fertilization - If sperm is present in the fallopian tube, fertilization can occur.

14. UTERUS - also known as the womb, is a hollow, pear-shaped organ located in the pelvic cavity. It is the site of fetal development during pregnancy.

15. The structures and function of Uterus - The uterus has three layers: the endometrium, the inner lining that thickens and sheds during the menstrual cycle; the myometrium, the muscular middle layer that contracts during labor; and the cervix, the lower, narrow portion that connects to the vagina. Role of Pregnancy and childbirth - the uterus provides a safe and nourishing environment for the developing fetus. During childbirth, the myometrium contracts to expel the baby through the cervix and vagina.

16. VAGINA - is a muscular, elastic canal that connects the uterus to the outside of the body. It serves as the birth canal and the passage for menstrual flow.

17. The structures and function of Vagina - The vagina is lined with mucous membranes that keep it lubricated and protected. The Birth canal - During childbirth, the vagina expands to allow the baby to pass through . The sexual intercourse - The vagina is the site of penetration during sexual intercourse.

18. THE EXTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN

19. The External Reproductive Organ 1 LABIA MAJORA 2 3 CLITORIS LABIA MINOR

20. LABIA MAJORA - are two fleshy folds of skin that enclose and protect the other external reproductive organs.

21. The structures and function of Labia Majora Structure and function: The labia majora contain sweat and oil-secreting glands. After puberty, they are covered with pubic hair. Protection of the internal genitalia - The labia majora act as a barrier, shielding the internal reproductive organs from infection and injury.

22. LABIA MINORA - are two smaller folds of skin located inside the labia majora. They surround the openings to the vagina and urethra.

23. The structures and function of Labia Minora - The labia minora are highly sensitive and can become easily irritated or swollen. Sensitivity and lubrication - The labia minora contribute to sexual arousal and lubrication.

24. CLITORIS - Is a small, sensitive organ located at the top of the vulva, where the labia minora meet.

25. The structures and function of Clitoris The clitoris is covered by a fold of skin called the prepuce and is highly sensitive to stimulation, leading to sexual arousal and pleasure. Sexual pleasure - The clitoris is the primary erogenous zone for women, responsible for generating sexual pleasure.

26. MENSTRUAL CYCLE

27. MENSTRUAL CYCLE - is a monthly series of hormonal changes that prepare the female body for potential pregnancy. It is characterized by the shedding of the uterine lining, known as menstruation or a period.

28. PHASES OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE

29. The Phases of Menstrual Cycle 1 FOLLICULAR PHASE 2 3 LUTEAL PHASE OVULATORY PHASE

30. FOLLICULAR PHASE - During this phase, the pituitary gland in the brain releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which stimulate the growth of follicles in the ovaries. OVULATORY PHASE - This phase is marked by the release of a mature egg from a follicle in the ovary, a process called ovulation. LUTEAL PHASE - After ovulation, the empty follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone to prepare the uterus for a potential pregnancy.

31. HORMONAL REGULATION OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE

32. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - Stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovaries. Luteinizing hormone (LH) - Triggers ovulation and the development of the corpus luteum. Estrogen - Produced by the ovaries, estrogen plays a crucial role in the development of female sexual characteristics and the thickening of the uterine lining. Progesterone - Produced by the corpus luteum, progesterone prepares the uterus for pregnancy and helps maintain it.

33. MENSTRUATION AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

34. Sign of fertility - Menstruation is a sign that a woman's body is capable of getting pregnant. It signifies that the uterus is preparing for a potential pregnancy every month, even if it doesn't occur. Hormonal regulation - Menstruation is a part of the menstrual cycle, which is regulated by hormones. This cycle is important for overall health and well-being, and it can influence mood, energy levels, and even sleep patterns. Physical cleansing - Menstruation is a way for the body to shed the lining of the uterus if pregnancy doesn't occur. This lining is built up each month in preparation for a potential pregnancy.

35. REPRODUVTIVE HEALTH ISSUES

36. Menstrual disorders These include conditions such as amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation), and irregular periods. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) STIs are infections spread through sexual contact and can have serious consequences for reproductive health. Reproductive cancers These include cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer. Infertility Infertility refers to the inability to conceive after a year of trying. It can be caused by various factors, including hormonal imbalances, ovulation disorders, and blocked fallopian tubes.

37. PREVENTIVE MEASURES & SCREENING

38. Preventive measures - Practicing safe sex, getting vaccinated against HPV, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of reproductive health problems. Screenings - Regular gynecological check-ups, including Pap smears and pelvic exams, are crucial for early detection and prevention of reproductive health issues.

39. CONCLUSION

40. The female reproductive system is a remarkable and intricate network of organs that plays a vital role in the continuation of the human species. Understanding its structure, function, and potential health issues is essential for maintaining optimal reproductive health.

41. KEY TAKEAWAY

42. -The female reproductive system is responsible for producing sex hormones, generating eggs, facilitating fertilization and pregnancy, and enabling childbirth. It is susceptible to a range of health issues, including menstrual disorders, STIs, reproductive cancers, and infertility. Importance of reproductive health -Maintaining reproductive health is crucial for overall well-being, including sexual health, fertility, and the ability to have a healthy pregnancy.

43. Encourage healthy lifestyle choices and regular medical check-ups - Engaging in healthy lifestyle choices, such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, can help promote reproductive health. Regular gynecological check-ups are essential for early detection and prevention of reproductive health problems.

44. THANK YOU!