Fenugreek (methi)

Pharmacogonistic profile of FENUGREEK

1. FENUGREEK Anirban Roy BPHARM, 2 nd Year, 4 th semester Sec-A, Roll No.-06. GURU NANAK INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

2. CONTENTS Pharmacogonistic Profile Macroscopic characters Microscopic Characters of Seeds Chemical Constituents Pharmacological Profile

3. PHARMACOGONISTIC PROFILE BOTANICAL NAME FAMILY PLANT PART USED Seeds as well as the dried leaves The Latin name for Fenugreek: Trigonella , means "triangle shaped pale yellow flower", and " foenum graecum " means "Greek hay". HABITAT Indigenous to the countries on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean. Cultivated in India, Africa, Egypt, Morocco, and occasionally in England. Trigonella foenum graecum Fabaceae

4. Fruit 3 leaflets Hard yellowish brown seed

5. MACROSCOPIC CHARACTERS SEEDS Seeds are about 4-6mm long; 2-3mm wide & 2mm thick. They are hard; yellowish brown in color. Irregularly rhomboidal in outline & flattened, with a deep furrow dividing into 2 unequal lobes . They are contained, ten to twenty together, in long, narrow, sickle-like pods. Taste, bitter and peculiar. Odour, spicy. LEAVES long stalked leaves up to 5 cm long . stipules triangular, lanceolate . leaflets about 2.5 cms long, obovate to obanceolate in shape.

6. MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERS OF SEEDS Transverse section : 1. Testa — the outermost layer is covered with cuticle and composed of thick-wall, cylindrical, lignified cells with conical projections, through which a white line, linea lucida , extends across; middle layer of testa composed of cells with thick-walls and wide intercellular spaces near their tops; inner section of testa composed of a few layers of narrow, tangentially elongated, compact, thin-wall parenchyma cells. 2. Endosperm— outer layer consists of rectangular to polygonal thick-wall cells, full of aleurone grains; multiple layers of cells of various shapes, large, full of mucilage. 3. Cotyledons— a layer of epidermal cells with thick walls; 3–4 layers of cells containing oil globules; a few layers of spongy tissue. A. vertical section showing radicle , one of the cotyledons & hilum , n. B. transverse section showing radicle,r ; both cotyledons, c ; & endosperm, e

7. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS Amino acids: 4-Hydroxyisoleucine, 4-hydroxyisoleucine lactone , arginine , histidine , and lysine. Steroidal saponins: Trigoneoside IIa, Ib; graecunins H, I, J, K, L, M, N; trigofoenosides A, D, F, G; protogracillin ; protodioscin ; and diosgenin Alkaloids: Trigonelline , gentianine , and carpaine Flavonoids : Apigenin , luteolin , orientin , quercetin , vitexin , and isovitexin Carbohydrates: Mainly mucilage

8. PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE Analgesic effects Antiadhesive properties Anticarcinogenesis effects Antitumor activity Antioxidant activity Antiplatelet activity Exercise recovery effects Hepatoprotective activity Lipid-lowering effects Galactagogue effects

9. REFERENCES 1. Kirtikar and Basu ; “Indian Medicinal plants” International Book Distributors, 9/3, Rajpur Road ( Ist floor) Dehradun-248001, India, Vol. I, Page. No.700-701. 2. “The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India”, Part- I, volume II, First edition , Govt. of India Ministry of health Education, Page No. 107-108. 3. Prajapati , Purohit , Sharma and Kumar; “A Handbook of Medicinal Plants- A Complete Source Book”, Published by Agrobios (India), 2003, Page No.523. 4. Rastogi & Mehrotra , B.N.; “Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants”, PID, New Delhi, 1990, volume II, Page No. 422.

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