Fertilizer production by indorama fertilizer co.pptx

describes the different processes involved in the production of green ammonia

1. OVERVIEW OF THE FERTILIZER INDUSTRY- AMMONIA AND UREA USMAN SULEIMAN UBAM

2. WHY FERTILIZER Plants needs nutrients to grow Nutrients have specific and essential functions in plant metabolism Lack of nutrient limits plant growth.

3. WHY FERTILIZER Plant Nutrients

4. PLANT NUTRITION 16% 23% 61% Primary Benefit Nutrient Characterization K P N Improve crop quality Annual application is not required Fewer Suppliers Improve crop size Most important and commonly lacking nutrients. Annual Application is critical Industry are more fragmented, under consolidation. More dynamic prices but stable volume. Improve crop quality Annual application is not required Fewer Suppliers

5. FERTILIZER INDUSTRIES Ammonia Plant Sulphuric Acid Plant Phosphoric Acid Plant Nitric Acid Plant Nitrosphosphorous Plant Natural Gas Steam Air Urea Ammonia Nitrate Calcium Nitrate NPK Fertilizer DAP/MAP NH3 CO2 HNO3 Rock Air Rock Rock H2SO4 Triple Super Phosphate H2PO4 Salts of K, Mg, S Rock . .

6. UREA FERTILIZER PRODUCTION Urea (NH2CONH2) is produced from the reaction of Ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Blue Ammonia is produced from Natural Gas with CO2 as a byproduct.

7. BLUE AMMONIA PROCESS REFORMING WATER-GAS SHIFT REACTION CO2 REMOVAL METHANATION AMMONIA SYNTHESIS REFRIGERATION Natural Gas Steam Air Syn-Gas Syn-Gas CO2 CO2 to Urea Plant Syn-Gas Syn-Gas NH3 NH3 to Urea Plant DESULFURIZATION H2 NG

8. Blue Ammonia Production Process Desulfization Converts organic sulfur from the natural gas to inorganic sulfur and removes it from the natural gas feed. CH4S(g) + H2(g) = CH4(g) + H2S(g). Hydrotreating H2S(g) + ZnO(g) = ZnS(g) + H2O(g). Desulfurization

9. Blue Ammonia Production Process Reforming Produces synthesis gas (syn-gas) from Natural Gas either by steam reforming, partial oxidation, or authothermal reforming. Nitrogen is also injected in the reforming section (Secondary Reforming). Reforming reactions are carried out in the presence of Nickel Catalyst. CH4(g) + H2O(g) = CO(g) + 3H2(g). Steam Reforming Reversible and Endothermic. CH4(g) + ½O2(g) = CO(g) + 2H2(g). Partial Oxidation Reversible and Endothermic. Autothermal Reforming combines SMR and POX.

10. Blue Ammonia Production Process Water Gas Shift Reaction Produces synthesis gas (syn-gas) from carbon monoxide and steam with CO2 as byproduct. CO(g) + H2O(g) = CO2(g) + H2 (g). Water Gas shift reaction takes places at high and lower temperature. T he high temperature water gas shift reaction is carried out in the presence of Iron catalyst, while the low temperature shift is carried out in the presence of Copper Catalyst.

11. Blue Ammonia Production Process CO2 Removal T his process scrubs the CO2 from the synthesis gas. CO2 absorption or CO2 adsorption are the predominant methods adopted. CO2 absorption is predominantly performed with the use of amines or potassium carbonate ( Belfing Solution). CO2 adsorption is predominantly carried out by zeolites.

12. Blue Ammonia Production Process Methanation Methanation reaction converts the unreacted carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide to methane. CO2(g) + 3H2(g) = CH4(g) + H2O(g) CO(g) + 4H2(g) = CH4(g) + 2H2O(g)

13. Blue Ammonia Production Process Ammonia Synthesis Ammonia synthesis reacts hydrogen with nitrogen to produce ammonia at higher pressure. The reaction is highly exothermic. 3H2 + N2 = 2NH3

14. Blue Ammonia Production Technologies KBR Purifier Ammonia Haldor Topsoe Thyssenkrupp-Uhde Dual Pressure Ammonia Casale Linde Ammonia Concept

15. Blue Ammonia Production Technologies KBR-Purifier Ammonia

16. Blue Ammonia Production Technologies Haldor-Topsoe Ammonia Process

17. Blue Ammonia Production Technologies Thyssenkrupp-Uhde Ammonia Synthesis Process

18. UREA PROCESS SYNTHESIS PURIFICATION CONCENTRATION GRANULATION PRILLING CO2 NH3 Urea + Ammonia Carbamate + Water Urea + Water Urea Urea Product

19. Urea Production Process Synthesis Section Urea is synthesized from CO2 and NH3 at a very high pressure (150 bar). CO2(g) + 2NH3(l) = NH3COONH3(l) CO2(g) + 2NH3(l) = NH2CONH2(l) + H2O(l)

20. Urea Production Process Purification Purification decomposes the Ammonium Carbamate to Urea and Water. Decomposition is carried out at high pressure and at lower pressure. NH3COONH3(l) = NH2CONH2+ H2O(l)

21. Urea Production Process Concentration To concentrate the Urea, the water is evaporated from an evaporator. Concentration is carried out at vacuum condition.

22. Blue Ammonia Production Technologies Granulation/Prilling The concentrated Urea is solidified either by granulation (crystallizes to granules), or by prilling (crystallizes to prilling).

23. Urea Production Technologies Stami Carbon (CO2 Stripping) Snam Progetti (NH3 Stripping) Advanced Cost & Energy Saving Process (ACES21)-CO2 stripping Isobaric Double Recycle Process (IDR)

24. Urea Production Technologies ACES21 Process (CO2 Stripping)

25. Urea Production Technologies Snam Progetti Process (Ammonia Stripping)

26. QUESTIONS