Fetal Circulation , explain in easy way

FEATAL Circulation

1. Fetal circulation
Submitted by: Malaika
Submitted to: Sir khushal
Discpline: Cardiacperfusion

2. Fetal circulation
•Introduction
•Overview of fetal circulation
•Components
•Shunts in fetal circulation
•How fetal circulatory system work
•Purpose
•Conclusion

3. Introduction Fetal circulatinotn is a word used to
describe”How Blood Flow From Placenta Through
developing Fetus”
•Fetal circulation is different from the circulation In new born babies
•For one before the baby is born Placenta is Sole source of oxygen
•Whereas in new born babies Lungs are the sole site of oxygen exchange
•Fetal heart Also has connection called FORAMEN OVALE that allow
blood flow from right atrium to left artrium of heart bypassing the lungs
since they are not needed for oxygen at this point
•Once the baby is born the increase pressure in left artirim cause
foramen ovale to close This cause blood to flow through lungs for
oxygenation

4. Overview of fetal circulation
•Have you ever wonder how a fetus gets
oxygen in womb????
•The answer to that question is that fetus in
a womb get oxygen from It’s mother..
•Placents acts like lungs for fetus .
Deoxygenated blood From the fetus travel
through umbilical to placenta .This blood
also carries waste products in placenta.In
the placenta waste products leave the
fetus and enter the maternal blood.
•Oxygen in maternal blood Is transferred to
fetal blood at same time.The oxygentaed
blood then leave a placenta and travel
back to fetus through umbilicus.

5. Components
•Fetal circulation is a complex system that ensures the developing fetus receives oxygen and nutrients from the mother’s
bloodstream. Following are the components of fetal circulation
•1. Umbilical Cord: This is the lifeline between the fetus and the placenta. It contains two umbilical arteries and one umbilical
vein. The arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta, where it picks up oxygen and nutrients, while thevein
carries oxygenated blood back to the fetus.
•2. Placenta: This organ acts as a bridge between the mother and fetus. It allows for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste
products between maternal and fetal bloodstreams. Oxygen and nutrients from the mother’s blood diffuse into the fetal blood,
while waste products like carbon dioxide pass from fetal blood to maternal blood for elimination.
•3. Ductus Venosus: This is a fetal blood vessel that connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver.It
allows most of the oxygen-rich blood from the placenta to flow directly to the heart.
•4.Foramen Ovale: This is an opening between the right and left atria of the fetal heart. It allows blood to bypass the lungs
because they are not yet functional in utero. Oxygenated blood from the placenta enters the right atrium, and instead of going to
the lungs, it passes through the foramen ovale into the left atrium and then to the left ventricle.
•5.Ductus Arteriosus: This is a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta. It diverts most of the blood from the
right ventricle away from the lungs and into the systemic circulation. The blood that does reach the lungs is mainly for their
growth and development, as the placenta is doing the oxygenation work.
•6. Pulmonary Circulation:While fetal lungs are not fully functional, they still receive some blood from the right ventricle via the
pulmonary artery. This limited circulation is sufficient for lung growth and to supply the minimal oxygen needs of the developing
fetus.
•These components work together to ensure that oxygenated blood from the placenta is efficiently distributed to the developing
fetal organs while bypassing the non-functional lungs. After birth, significant changes occur in the circulatory system as the
newborn transitions to breathing air and the placental circulation ceases.

6. Shunts in fetal circulation
•3shunts in fetal circulation
•1.DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS:Protect the lungs against the circulatory
overload
•Allow the right ventricles to strengthen
•High Pulmonary vascular resistance ,low pulmonary blood flow
•Carries mostly med Oxygen saturated blood
•2.DUCTUS VENOSUS: fetal blood vessels connect umbilical vein
to IVC
•Blood flow regulated via sphincters
•Caries mostly hi Oxygenated blood
•3.FORAMEN OVALE:shunts highly oxygentedblood from right
atrium to left atrium

7. How does fetal circulatory system works….
•During pregnancy fetal circulatory system works different than after
birth..
•Fetus is connected by umbilical cord to placenta
•Oxygen and nutrients from mother blood are sent across placenta to
fetus .the enriched bloodflow through umbilical cord to liver and split in
to 3 branches blood than reach Inferior vena cava major vein
connected to heart .most of this blood is sent through ductus venosus
bypass liver to reach right artrium of heart
•INSIDE FETAL HEART
Blood enter right artrium goes to left atrium through foramen ovale in to left atrium
> left ventricle>aorta .From aorta blood is sent to heart muscles ,brain , and arms

8. Circulating blood enter to right
artriumthrough superior vena cava
instead of going through foramen
OVALE goes in to right ventricles
•This less Oxygenated blood Is
pumped from right ventricles to
pulmonary artery .most of this
blood is shunted through ductus
arteriosus to descending aorta.this
blood then enter the umbilical
arteries and flow in to placenta
which enters in maternal blood
•AT BIRTH
•Umbilical cord is clamped and baby
no longer gets oxygen from mother
with the first breath lungs starts to
expand An increase in baby blood
pressure Which reduce the ductus

9. To sclosureof feblood.these changes
raise the pressure in left artrium
andpressurelow in right artriumthese
changes Closes the shunt
BLOOD CIRCULATION AFTER BIRTH
The closure of ductus arteriosus, ductus
venosusand Foramen OVALE completes
the change of fetal circulation to
newborn circulation

10. Purpose of fetal circulation
•Purpose of fetus circulation is to provide Oxygenategaseousfrom
placenta To fetus and fetal organ While simultanioslyremoving
carbon dioxide and waste products…
•Conclusion
•Fetal circulation is designed to utilize placenta for gaseous
exchange Whereas postnatal circulation used lungs for
gaseous exchange