fetal skull

PROFESSOR
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1. FETAL SKULL

2. INTRODUCTION Fetal skull is to some extent compressible, and made mainly of thin pliable tabular (flat) bones forming the vault.

3. AREAS OF THE SKULL It is divided into several zones of obstetrical importance, these are, Vertex Brow Face

4. FRONTAL BONE PARIETAL BONE TEMPORAL BONE OCCIPITAL BONE

5. VERTEX It is a quadrangular area bounded Anteriorly -by bregma and coronal sutures, Posteriorly - lamda and lambdoid sutures. Laterally – by lines passing through the parietal eminences.

6. it is an area bounded on one side by the anterior fontenelle or bregma and coronal sutures and the other side by the root of the nose and supra orbital ridges of either side. BROW

7. FACE It is an area bounded on one side by the root of the nose and supra –orbital ridges and on other side by the junction of the floor of the mouth with neck.

8. SUTURES Flat bones of the vault are united together by non- ossified membranes attached to the margins of the bones. These are called sutures.

9. TYPES 4types: The coronal suture: runs between parietal and frontal bone on either side. The frontal suture: it lies between two frontal bones The lambdoid suture: it represents the occipital bone and the two parietal bones. The saggital suture or longitudinal suture: it lies between two parietal bones.

10. FONTENELLE A wide gap in the suture line is called fontenelle . Types: 2types Anterior fontenelle ( bregma )- diamond in shape, diametre-4cm, time of ossification- 18months. Posterior fontenelle - triangular in shape, diametre - 1.2cm, time of ossification- 1 half months.

11. DIAMETERS OF SKULL 1. sub- occipito bregmatic : (9.5cm) It extends from the nape of the neck to the centre of the bregma . 2. sub- occipito frontal : (10cm) It extends from the nape of the neck to the anterior end of the anterior fontenelle or centre of sinciput . 3. Occipito – frontal : (11.5cm) It extends from the occipital eminences to the root of the nose.( glabella )

12. 4 . Mento- vertical : (13.5cm) It extends from the mid point of the chin to the highest point on the saggital suture. 5. sub- mento vertical: (11.5cm) It extends from the junction of floor of the mouth and neck to the highest point on the saggital suture. 6. sub- mento bregmatic : (9.5cm) It extends from junction of floor of the mouth and neck of the bregma .

13. TRANSVERSE DIAMETER 1.bi-parietal diametre – (9.5cm) 2.super sub parietal- (8.5cm) 3.bi-temporal diametre - (8cm) 4.bi-mastoid diametre - (7.5cm)

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