fever.pptx with out localizing signs and proolong fever

feverr and childrens

1. What is fever Fever is defined as rectal temperature equal or greater than 38c (100.4F) Temperature more than 40c(104F)- hyperpyrexia Conversion factor Temp in F is equal to 9/5 multiple by Temp In C + 32 Temp in C is equal to Temp in F minus 32 multiple by 5/9

2. Various routes Rectal ( 38 C , 100.4F ) ideal method Oral ( 37.5 C , 99.5 F ) common easy Axillary ( 37 C, 99F ) Commonest method, same ear and forehead

3. Pathophysiology of fever Endogenous and exogenous pyrogens infections Heat production exceeding loss, salicylate poisoning, malignant hyperthermia Defective heat loss, Ectodermal dysplasia

4. Types of thermometer Digital wipe with clean cloth before use. Oral, rectal , axillary measurement Tympanic Used > than 6 months of age crying wax and otitis media won't affect reading Temporal artery Used >than 3 months in side of forehead only for screening not for definitive measurement Infrared poor accuracy not recommended Mercury currently not in use

5. Approach to febrile child

6. Types of fever Intermittent fever : Temperature frequently touches baseline extremely wide fluctuation” Septic / Hectic fever Double quotidian fever- Inflammatory arthritis Pyogenic infection Persistent fever – continuous fever : Fluctuation less than 0.5C without touches the baseline Enteric Fever Remittent fever Fluctuation more than 0.5 C without touching the base line. Viral infection Relapsing fever: Febrile with afebrile period. Malaria Biphasic fever ; Camelback fever, single illness with two distinct pattern

7. Some definitions Fever without focus: Rectal temperature of 38 C is the only feature Fever of unknown origin: No cause is identified after 3 weeks of outpatient evaluation and 1 week of in-patient evaluation

8. History taking Onset ( mentioned date of onset ) and symptoms History of febrile illness in other family members and at school Recent travel and medications Past history-immune deficiency and major illness Vaccination hx is very important.

9. Clinical clues

10. Categorizing fever Based on duration 5-7 days 7-14 days > 14 days Based on duration Fever without focus Fever with focus No infectious cause