FGID_Healing Herbs: Empowering Your Gut with Phytotherapy_@Abbas

Delve into the world of phytotherapy and its role in alleviating symptoms of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Learn about the potent botanicals that support digestive health and promote overall well-being.

1. Phytotherapy in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGID) Syed Mohammad Abbas Reg. Id- I210633 Department:Biotechnology CUTN

2. 01 05 03 02 04 06 Phytotherapy: An Overview Phytotherapeutic Approaches in FGID Conclusion Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Mode of Action and Therapeutic Use References

3. What is Phytoterapy ? Phytotherapy is a branch of traditional medicine that involves the use of plants and plant extracts to promote health and treat various medical conditions. It's also known as herbalism, botanical medicine, or herbal medicine. Origin The roots of phytotherapy can be traced back to ancient civilizations where plants were used for medicinal purposes. Indigenous cultures worldwide have a rich history of relying on plant remedies for healing.

4. Historical Context Ancient Civilizations: Ayurveda in India: The ancient Indian system of Ayurveda extensively utilizes herbs for healing and maintaining well-being. Egyptian Civilization: Ancient Egyptians documented the use of plants like aloe vera and garlic for medicinal purposes. Traditional Chinese Medicine : Chinese herbal medicine has been practiced for thousands of years, emphasizing the balance of vital energy (Qi) using various plant-based remedies.

5. Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Defination: A group of digestive system disorders characterized by chronic symptoms without apparent structural or biochemical abnormalities. Common Features: No Structural Abnormalities: Unlike organic disorders, FGIDs do not have identifiable structural or biochemical abnormalities. Chronic or Recurrent Symptoms: Symptoms persist over time, often with periodic intensify. Altered Gut Function: Abnormalities in gut motility, sensitivity, or brain-gut interactions contribute to symptoms.

6. Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Common Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits. Functional Dyspepsia: Chronic discomfort or pain centered in the upper abdomen without a clear cause. Functional Constipation: Persistent constipation without an identifiable structural or biochemical cause. Functional Diarrhea: Chronic diarrhea in the absence of identifiable abnormalities.

7. Phytotherapeutic Approaches in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Herbal Remedies Amara: Cnicus benedictus (Blessed Thistle) Gentiana lutea (Yellow Gentian) Aromatica: Carum carvi (Caraway) Matricaria chamomilla ( Chamomile) Mentha piperita (Peppermint) Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm) Amara-Aromatica: Achillea millefolium (Common Yarrow) Acorus calamus (Calamus) Angelica archangelica (Angelica) Artemisia absinthium (Absinthe) Plants with Spasmolytic Alkaloids: Atropa belladonna (Belladonna) Chelidonium majus (Greater Celandine) Plants with Other Constituents: Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice) Potentilla anserina (Common Silverweed) Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle)

8. Mode of Action and Therapeutic Use Cnicus benedictus FAMILY - Asteraceae COMMON NAME - Blessed Thistle Mode of Action: Due to its content of bitter sesquiterpene lactones (cnicin) , very small amounts of essential oil, supporting its use in stimulating gastric secretion .

9. Continued Gentiana lutea FAMILY - Gentianaceae COMMON NAME - Yellow Gentian MODE OF ACTION- Gentian (as well as Common Centaury) is a prototypical amarum that contains bitter secoiridoid glycosides, such as amarogentin and gentiopicroside. It stimulates the secretion of saliva and gastric acid , increases blood flow in the gastric and intestinal mucosa , improves the motility of the stomach, and is also used as a roborant and tonic.

10. Continued Matricaria chamomilla FAMILY - Asteraceae COMMON NAME - Blessed Thistle Mode of Action: The lead constituents are chamazulene and (–)-α-bisabolol we re involved in the antiphlogistic activity of the oil. Chamomile has both carminative and spasmolytic effects , making it one of the most useful medicinal herbs in acute gastric diseases. Besides essential oil, the flower heads also contain flavonoids, such as apigenin-7-glycoside , which contribute to the spasmolytic activity and may inhibit peristalsis. T herefore used in painful gastrointestinal spasms as well as acute gastritis, ulcers, and dyspepsia.

11. Continued Mentha piperita FAMILY - Lamiaceae. COMMON NAME - Peppermint Mode of Action: Peppermint leaves contain essential oil (menthol and menthone ) and caffeic acid derivatives, such as rosmarinic acid. Other than chamomile, the spasmolytic activity is much more predominant , while an antiphlogistic effect is lacking.

12. Continued Acorus calamus FAMILY - Acoraceae COMMON NAME - "Sweet flag" and "calamus" Mode of Action: Calamus root contains 2–6% (sometimes up to 9%) of essential oil with bitter and hot taste. The roots, besides many other substances, also contain asarone, acorin, and tannins. They are used in chronic dyspepsia , hypoacidic stomach diseases , and in meteorism.

13. Continued Artemisia absinthium FAMILY - Asteraceae COMMON NAME - Worm-wood or Absinthe Mode of Action: Absinthe contains about 1% essential oil and different bitter compounds, sesquiterpene lactones , for example, absinthin and artabsin. Its actions include tonicizing effects and a stimulating effect on bile and acid secretions . Its main action on acute and chronic dyspepsia , but also constipation caused by hypomotility of the intestine.

14. Continued Atropa belladonna FAMILY - Fabaceae COMMON NAME - Belladona or Deadly nightshade Mode of Action: Among the alkaloids of this member hyoscyamine is the most important, next to scopolamine, apoatropine , and belladonine . These compounds are ester alkaloids and pharmacologically very active . In the digestive organs, It reduces the tone, lowers excitation , and diminishes the gastric and intestinal motilities . Indications in gastrointestinal diseases are spastic constipation, gastralgias, pylorospasm, Ulcus ventriculi, intestinal spasms; in case of hyperacidic ulcers , the inhibition of gastric secretion is helpful .

15. Continued Glycyrrhiza glabra FAMILY - Solanaceae COMMON NAME - Sweet wood or Athimauthuram Mode of Action: Its most characteristic constituent is the fraction of glycyrrhizin derivatives, which are known for their sweet taste, as well as for their anti-inflammatory and mucosa-protective properties.

16. Continued Potentilla anserina FAMILY - Rosaceae COMMON NAME - Common Silverweed Mode of Action: The plant is a member of the rose family and contains up to 10% tannins, flavonoids, and an as yet unknown compound with spasmolytic action . It has been successfully used in meteorism, intestinal spasms, and pylorospasms. Potentilla anserina is less potent than belladonna and celandine , but may be beneficial in combinations.

17. Conclusions Phytotherapy and Gastrointestinal Diseases: Phytotherapy means using plants for medicinal purposes. It's important for treating gastrointestinal diseases, especially Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGID). Herbs Classification and Action: Herbs can be sorted based on what they're made of and how they work in the body. This helps use herbs alone or combine them for better results. Combining Herbs for Better Treatment: Mixing herbs can target the specific medical issue more effectively. It improves the overall treatment. It showed positive effects in both lab tests and real-life patient treatments. It's good for patients and follows the latest standards in evidence-based medicine.

18. References Olaf Kelber, Rudolf Bauer, Wolfgang Kubelka; Phytotherapy in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Dig Dis 12 March 2018; 35 (Suppl. 1): 36–42. https://doi.org/10.1159/000485489 Niandi, Tan., Kok, Ann, Gwee., Jan, Tack., Mengyu, Zhang., Yuwen, Li., Minhu, Chen., Yinglian, Xiao. (2020). Herbal medicine in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders: A systematic review with meta-analysis.. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, doi: 10.1111/JGH.14905 Tatjana, Kundaković. (2017). Herbal medicinal products for functional disorders of the digestive tract organs. doi: 10.5937/ARHFARM1702150K https://www.indianmirror.com/ayurveda/