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1. YAKAN & BAGOBO TRIBES (Mindanao)

2. MEMBERS: Crishna Jane Aguilar
Felicity M. Circular
Manolo Gerald
Mia B. Alegre
Michelle Fernandez
Sheena Mae De Pedro Stefane Leanh Ledesma Arbiol

3. YAKAN

4. Muslim ethnic groups of Basilan Island of ARMM. The term Yakan is a mispronunciation of the word yakal by the Spaniards. Foreign people often mistook the name of the yakal trees as the native identity. The word "YAKAN" means "DAYAK ORIGIN". The yakans speaks the dialect of "SAMA" language.

5. •Strongly influenced by Islamic traditions. •Bridal facial painting with white powder, dots, and lines in elaborate patterns. CUSTOMS AND TRADITION

6. FESTIVALS •Lami-Lamihan Festival (Lamitan City, Basilan) —celebrates Yakan culture. —Features traditional music, dances, crafts, and games. 676yu

7. DANCES •Tumahik – War dance by the groom before a wedding to show bravery. Gggg

8. • Pansak Si Laley – "Dance of the maidens," highlighting Yakan women's grace. •Mangalay – Derived from the Tausug's Pangalay, performed with the kulintangan kayu. ddff ffffff

9. MUSIC —Percussion-based, using bamboo, wood, and metal instruments. •Gabbang – Bamboo xylophone played to guard crops. fff

10. •Kulintangan – Bronze gongs used in celebrations. •Agong – Percussion instrument for marriage announcements and mourning. ffff ghhh

11. •Vocal music includes kalangan (songs), katakata (narratives), and yaya (lullabies)

12. TRADITIONAL CLOTHING •Bright, geometric-patterned garments inspired by nature. •Women wear short blouses with narrow pants. •Men wear narrow pants with a sash to hold weapons. •Traditional attire is mostly for festivals and special events.

13. WAY OF LIFE: The Yakan people primarily live in Basilan, particularly in the mountainous regions. Their main economic activities include: Farming – They are skilled in upland farming, growing crops like rice, corn, and root crops. Weaving – Yakan women are famous for their intricate handwoven textiles, which feature geometric designs and bright colors. Fishing – Those living near coastal areas engage in fishing for both subsistence and trade .

14. CURRENT ISSUES : 1. Land Displacement - Many Yakans have been forced to leave Basilan due to armed conflicts and land disput e 2. Education Challenges - Limited access to education due to poverty and remote locations. 3. Preservation of Culture - With migration and modernization, their traditional weaving and customs are slowly disappearing.

15. Cultural Contributions: • Traditional Weaving : The Yakan are known for their colorful woven fabrics, used in clothing and ceremonies. • Music and Dance: Their music and dances reflect their beliefs and are performed during festivals. • Spiritual Beliefs: They respect nature and ancestral spirits, reflecting animism in Filipino culture. trt

16. Environmental Contributions: •Sustainable Agriculture : They practice eco-friendly farming of rice, corn, and root crops. • Respect for Nature: They preserve natural resources for future generations.

17. BAGOBO BAGOBO

18. First ethnic group in Mindanao encountered by the Spaniards at end of 19th century •"bago" meaning new and "obo" meaning "growth" •ancient settlement of the Bagobo is called Sibulan •bagobo are people with proto malayan features

19. CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS The Bagobo society is led by a datu who wears symbolic attire, and their rituals involve offerings to spirits, dances, and gong music.

20. FESTIVALS The Bagobo Klata tribe celebrates Menum every second Sunday of October to honor nature's role in agriculture, featuring traditional food, music, dances, and games.

21. Dance is vital to Bagobo culture, featuring rituals like Lawin-Lawin, a rite-of-passage dance symbolizing strength, and the Bagobo Rice Cycle Dance, which depicts the stages of rice production and harvest gratitude. DANCES GG

22. MUSIC Bagobo music, featuring the agong gong, is essential in ceremonies, accompanying rituals, offerings, and dances. GG

23. TRADITIONAL CLOTHING Bagobo traditional attire, made from woven t'nalak abaca fibers, features intricate ikat and floral designs, enhanced with beadwork and brass accessories.

24. WAY OF LIFE The Bagobo people inhabit parts of Davao and nearby areas in Mindanao. Their main economic activities are: • Agriculture – They cultivate rice, corn, abaca, and other crops, often using the slash-and-burn (kaingin) method.

25. Weaving & Beadwork – Bagobo women are known for their beadwork, embroidery, and woven textiles. Hunting & Gathering – Some Bagobo still practice traditional hunting and gathering for additional food sources. Both groups maintain a rich cultural heritage while adapting to modern economic influences. VV

26. CURRENT ISSUES 1. Land Encroachment - Their ancestral lands near Mt. Apo are threatened by tourism, deforestation, and development. 2. Environmental Concerns - Illegal logging and mining have damaged their forests and sacred sites. 3. Cultural Erosion - Younger generations are adopting modern lifestyles, leading to a decline in traditional practices and language.

27. Cultural Contributions • Traditional Crafts: The Bagobo are skilled in weaving, metalwork, and wood carving, with detailed embroidered clothing C

28. • Art and Festivals: Their dances and music preserve history and cultural stories. • Language and Storytelling: Their language and oral traditions pass on myths and values.

29. Environmental Contributions • Eco-friendly Farming: They use sustainable farming methods to protect the environment. • Environmental Stewardship: Their beliefs ensure a balanced relationship with nature.

30. CONCLUSION The Yakan and Bagobo of Mindanao are indigenous groups with rich cultural traditions, resilience, and a strong sense of identity. Despite modernization, they continue to preserve their heritage through language, arts, and rituals, showcasing the diversity of Mindanao’s indigenous cultures.

31. THANK YOU!

32. REFERENCES: https://www.penn.museum/sites/journal/516/ https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/yakan/ https://ncca.gov.ph https://youtu.be/G82VKilsQow?si=jsQ_Gtdr7kDLQ7TN https://www.scribd.com/document/636853015/Yakan-Tribe-2 • https://www.parangal.org/bagobo • https://nativephilanthropy.candid.org/news/ bagobo - klata -tribe-fights-for-land-culture-life • https://www.scribd.com/presentation/419884739/The-Traditional-Clothing-of-the-Bagobo-and-the-T-Boli-art • https://www.penn.museum/sites/journal/516/ • https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Culture_of_Basilan • https://www.parangal.org/yakan • https://pssc.org.ph/wp-content/ pssc -archives/ Aghamtao /2011/4-The%20Yakans%20of%20Lamitan%2C%20Basilan%20and%20the%20Evolution%20of%20their%20Raditional%20Costumes.pdf