Fibers to Fabrics All About Textiles.ppt

Textiles

1. From Fibers to
Fabric:
Step by step process of
the fiber to the yarn to
the fabric.

2. Types of
Fibers

3. Natural Fibers
•Sources:
–Animals
–Plants

4. Protein Fibers

5. Cellulose
Fibers

6. Manufactured or
Synthetic Fibers
•Chemical or Protein

7. Name
•Generic Name
•Trade Name
Spandex
Lycra®

8. Types
•Acetate
•Acrylic
•Nylon
•Polyester
•Rayon
•Spandex
•Triacetate

9. Yarns
•Fibers overlapped and twisted together

10. Types
• Spun
• Monofilament
• Multifilament

11. Twist
• amount varies and increases strength
• very low twist - just barely holds together
• low twist - fluffy - weak
• average twist for short fibers
• high twist hard and compact

12. Texture
• given to manufactured fibers
• adds bulk, stretch, less static

13. Types of Texture

14. Fabric Construction
• woven of knit yarns
• fibers matted together and
glued

15. Woven
Fabrics

16. Plain Weave

17. Satin Weave

18. Twill Weave

19. Basket Weave

20. Pile Weave

21. Knits
• Stretches
• Returns to Original
Shape
• Wrinkle Resistant

22. Warp KnitsWarp Knits
• vertical rows of loops
- tricot jersey
- lace
- raschel knit

23. Weft KnitWeft Knit
• loops made as yarn added
in crosswise direction
– double knit
– jersey
– rib knit
– pile knit jersey
– velour
– purl knit

24. Non Woven
• no grain
• no stretch or give
• requires special
sewing techniques

25. Non Wovens

26. Fabric Finishes
• changes fiber properties
to create a better product

27. Permanent Finish
• heat set
• improves fabric resistance to
wrinkling
• stains difficult to remove
• no need to iron

28. Shrinkage Resistant
• reduce shrinkage

29. Soil Release
• aids in removing
dirt, oil, and
grease

30. Flame Retardant
• resists burning

31. Dyeing
• changes color of finished product
• can be done at fiber, yarn, and fabric
stage
• printing is done at fabric stage only

32. Care Labels
• Law Required
- Fiber Content
- Care Instructions
- Country of Origin

33. Care Requirement
• washing method
• drying method
• bleach type
• iron temperature