Fibres FROM PLANT AND ANIMAL SOURCES.pptx

FIBRES

1. Fibres

2. Introduction A  fibre  is a thin thread of a natural or artificial substance, especially one that is used to make cloth or rope . From Latin: fibra is a natural or man-made substance. Made up of cellulose having thick walled elongated cellular structure, may or may not contain lignin. Obtained from plant, animal, mineral, synthetic or semi-synthetic sources. Third necessity (Cloths) after Food and shelter. Commercially used for the preparation of various pharmaceutical purposes like surgical dressing, filter aids, textile industries, sutures, etc. In India, there were no specific medical device regulations and devices were regulated under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940. To full fill this gap, Central Drug Standard Control Organization(CDSCO) released  Indian Medical Device Rules-2017 , which are the new regulations for medical devices in India.

3. Medical devices

4. Classification

5. (Cotton, Jute & Hemp) - Plant fibres Cotton: Purified cotton, cotton wool, absorbent cotton. Biological source: It can be harvested from the planted- Gossypium herbaceum and related species of Gossypium , family: Malvaceae . Chemical constituents: -Nearly 90% of raw cotton is cellulose & 7% moisture. -other: fat, protoplasm wax. Uses: -Surgical dressing -Filter medium -Insulation medium -Absorbent cotton to absorb pus, mucus, blood and related infection.

6. Jute- Jew's mallow, tossa   jute, bush okra Biological source: The vegetable fibre jute is obtained from Corchrus olitorius or C. capsularis , family- Tiliaceae . Jute is the phloem fibre obtained from the stem. Chemical Constituents: -Main composition are lignin and cellulose. -The content of cellulose and hemicelluloses is around 53% and 20% while lignin is around only 10%. Uses: -Filtration of media and strain - Rope & twine -Course bag manufacture

7. Hemp- Ganja,Cannabis , Indian hemp, Marijuana Biological source: Produced from the plant- Cannabis sativa , family: Cannabinaceae . Chemical uses: -70% different types of cannabinoids are known(Important- Tetrahydrocannabinol . -Main constituent is fibres is cellulose with little lignifications. Uses: -In textile industry -Rope & twine -Paper preparation -Building fibres-MDF-Low density board.

8. Advantages of Natural Fibres over Synthetic Fibres Natural Fibres are biodegradable. They have a low specific weight due to which they possess higher strength. They possess good electrical resistance. They are skin-friendly and cause no irritation. Their production requires less energy and emits low carbon dioxide. Cost-effective. They possess good thermal and insulating properties .

9. References A text book of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry -I by Dr. Padmini Shukla Practical Pharmacognosy by Dr. Khandelwal A text book of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry -I by Rajneesh Garg . https://cdsco.gov.in/opencms/opencms/en/Medical-Device-Diagnostics/Medical-Device-Diagnostics/