Field patterns

When field operations are done using tractors in agriculture various patterns are followed to minimize number of turnings and to get higher field efficiencies. These different field patterns are discussed thoroughly.

1. WELCOME

2. College of Agril. Engg. & Tech. DR.PDKV Akola FMP-473 FIELD PATTERN S

3. FIELD PATTERN Field efficiency is percentage of time the machine operates at its full rated speed & width while in field. Substantial improvement in field efficiency can be made by analyzing and varying the pattern of field operation . It reduces time spent in non productive work It minimize the number of turns and maximize the length of the tillage runs The pattern of operation is closely related to the size & shape of the field.

4. Objective Establishing an efficient field pattern is to minimize the amount of field travels. Minimizing the number of nonworking turns. Minimizing the travels distance in a turns. Minimizing the amount of nonworking travel in the interior of the field.

5. TERMINOLOGY A round refers to the travel of the machine across or around a field from a selected starting point to a point adjacent to the first. A trip is a half round or the travel from one end of the field to the other. Operating in lands describes the practice of dividing the field into subareas & operating on these subareas individually. Turns strips are unprocessed areas that provide room for making turns. These strips are processed either previously or at alter time .When the turns strip is at the end of a field it is called a headland.

6. D. A headland pattern has trips that parallel each other ,are incremented successively by the operating width of the implement, & initiate at one boundary and terminate at the opposite. Turns are [180 Degree] over the headland. E. A circuitous pattern describes the operation of the implement oration paralleling each land’s bound arise and is commonly described as “going around the field”. F. An alternation pattern is sometimes used in processing establishing row crops. To provide a turns that is easy to negotiate, the trips are not adjacent.

7. Illustration of the common patterns for straight sided fields

8. Headland Pattern Laying out the most efficient number of lands for the headland pattern is a common plowing problem. If the lands are made too large excessive headland travel result . If the land are too small ,excessive time is used to finish off the numerous dead furrow. Additional trip is required to finish dead furrowed land.

9. The variables to be considered are w = effective width of plow[ft] f = length of furrow[ft] Sp = speed of plowing, km/hr[MPH] Se = effective speed of headland travel, km/hr W = width of field, m [ft] L = length of field, m [ft] C3 = constant, 1000[5280]

10. Computation of pattern efficiency {PE} Number of back-furrowed land= n Number of Dead furrowed land= n – 1 Total number of land = 2n – 1 Time in hours for one trip= f/[(c3)*Sp] Number of strip to complete land=W/w Total hours for plowing land = fW/ /[(c3)*Sp] Avg. distance for turning one end of land = ½ land width Width of land= W/(2n-1)

11. Avg. time for turning end= Total turning time for lands= No. of back furrow n= .5+ Plowing time to finish headlands = Total time turning at the headland end =

12. PE =

13. Circuitous Pattern, Diagonal Turn Strips It is another popular pattern for plowing. For proper operation the turns strips must be exact bisector of the square corners of the field. It is assumed that turning speed, finishing speed, and plowing speed are equal. The total plowing time for this pattern is computed by dividing the width of the plough, w, into the net area of the field to get total furrow distance

14. Land plowing time = Total time lost in turns = Time to turn 6 turn strip ends= Time to finish dead furrows = PE =

15. Continuous pattern The efficiency of the continuous pattern depend greatly on quick turns at the headland Headland should be smooth and wide enough to permit an easy turns in a few seconds. A headland of 2w width provides adequate room for high-speed turns yet limits finishing travel to two passes. pattern efficiency is not affected by width of plough(w)

16. Total time for turning = Total time for plowing = PE =

17. Circuitous Pattern, Rounded Corners The circuitous pattern would appear to have the greatest field efficiency as the operation is continuous. However, an unprocessed, crescent-shaped area is left at each turn. Total time lost for [ 90 ] = PE= ro = short turning radius with implement disengaged

18. Circuitous pattern (270 ) turns Circuitous pattern with 270 turns usually started at the centre of the land when plowing so that turns will be unplowed rather than plowed land. Time for a turn = PE = ro= 2w

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