Fields of psychology

This file is about the bevioural psychology...fields of psychology and research methods used in psychology....it is very helpful for the beginners who need overview of psychology and its fields...

1. Topic Introduction To Behavioral Psychology Maryam Razzaq

2. What is behavioral psychology Behavioral Psychology assumes that individuals acquire all behaviors through their interactions with the environment. Therefore, behavioral psychologists – also known as behaviorists – believe that our actions are shaped by external stimuli, such as laws, education, socioeconomic forces, etc., and not internal stimuli, which include thoughts, emotions, and personality, among others.

3. For instance, in behaviorism, anxiety can be explained as a behavior acquired from the environment, such by being around others with anxiety, and not due to internalized traumatic experience or genetic inclination.

4. Other branches of psychology Abnormal psychology General psychology Behavioral psychology Biological psychology Cognitive psychology Comparative psychology Cross – cultural psychology

5. Developmental psychology Educational psychology Experimental psychology Forensic psychology Health psychology Personality psychology Social psychology

6. Abnormal psychology

7. General psychology The study of the basic principles, problems and methods that underlie the science of psychology. Includes human development, emotions, motivation, learning, senses, perception, thinking, memory, intelligence and processing.

8. Behavioral Psychology Behavioral psychology is the study of how our behaviors relate to our mind – it looks at our behavior through the lens of psychology and draws a link between the two.

9. Biological psychology Biological psychology, or biopsychology, is a specialty within the field of psychology in which the mind-body connection is explored through scientific research and clinical practice. Alternative names of biopsychology include behavioral neuroscience and physiological biology.

10. Cognitive psychology Cognitive psychology is defined as the study of individual-level mental processes such as information processing, attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, decision-making, and thinking ( Gerrig and Zimbardo 2002).

11. Comparative psychology Comparative psychology refers to the scientific study of the behavior and mental processes of non-human animals, especially as these relate to the phylogenetic history, adaptive significance, and development of behavior.

12. Cross-cultural psychology Cross-cultural psychology is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes, including both their variability and invariance, under diverse cultural conditions.

13. Developmental psychology Developmental psychology is the scientific study of how and why humans grow, change, and adapt across the course of their lives. Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to include adolescence, adult development, aging, and the entire lifespan.

14. Educational psychology Educational psychology is the study of how people learn, including teaching methods, instructional processes, and individual differences in learning. The goal is to understand how people learn and retain information.

15. Experimental psychology Experimental psychology is concerned with testing theories of human thoughts, feelings, actions, and beyond – any aspect of being human that involves the mind. This is a broad category that features many branches within it (e.g. behavioral psychology, cognitive psychology).

16. Forensic psychology Forensic psychology is a specialty in professional psychology characterized by activities primarily intended to provide professional psychological expertise within the judicial and legal systems.

17. Health psychology Health psychology is the study of psychological and behavioral processes in health, illness, and healthcare. It is concerned with understanding how psychological, behavioral, and cultural factors contribute to physical health and illness.

18. Personality psychology Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that examines personality and its variation among individuals. It aims to show how people are individually different due to psychological forces.

19. Social psychology Social psychology is the study of how individual or group behavior is influenced by the presence and behavior of others.

20. Research methods Introspection method Observation method Anecdotal method Experimental method Case study method Questionare method

21. Introspection method Introspection in defined as the process of directly examining one’s own conscious mental states and processes or an examination of one’s own conscious thoughts and feelings.

22. Observation method Observation is one method for collecting research data. It involves watching a participant and recording relevant behavior for later analysis. One example of a study using the observational method would be when a researcher wants to study how children manage sharing of toys.

23. Anecdotal method An investigational technique in which informal verbal reports of incidents casually observed are accepted as useful information. The anecdotal method is scientifically inadequate but can offer clues as to areas of investigation that warrant more systematic, controlled research.

24. Experimental method The experimental method involves manipulating one variable to determine if this causes changes in another variable. This method relies on controlled research methods and random assignment of study subjects to test a hypothesis.

25. Case study method A case study is an in-depth study of one person, group, or event. In a case study, nearly every aspect of the subject’s life and history is analyzed to seek patterns and causes of behavior. Case studies can be used in various fields, including psychology, medicine, education, anthropology, political science, and social work.

26. Questionare method A questionnaire can is a research instrument that consists of a set of questions to collect information from a respondent. A survey is a research method used for collecting data from a pre-defined group of respondents to gain information and insights on various topics of interest.

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