Filamentous Fungi

1. SOME DISEASES CAUSED
BY FILAMENTOUS FUNGI
•Chromoblastomycosis
•Mycetoma
•Mucormycosis ****
•Aspergillosis ****
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2. CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS
A chronic localized infection of the
subcutaneous tissue caused by several
species of dematiaceous fungi
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3. Chromoblastomycosis
Fonsecaea pedrosoi
Cladosporium carrionii
Phialophora verrucosa
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4. Ecological Association
Chromoblastomycosis
•Soil
•Decaying vegetation
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10. Sclerotic Bodies
A fungus form resulting from host
defenses
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11. SCLEROTIC BODIES
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15. Chromoblastomycosis
Melanin may be a virulence factor
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16. Geographic distribution
World-wide
(usually warmer climates)
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17. CLINICAL SPECIMENS
•PUS
•BIOPSY MATERIAL
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18. TREATMENT
• EXCISION
• TERBINEFINE
• ITRACONAZOLE
• POSACONAZOLE
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19. No Serological Tests Available
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21. Mycetoma
•Tumefaction
•Granules
•Draining sinus tracts
•Muscle invasion
•Bone invasion
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23. Mycetoma agents
•Madurella mycetomatis
•Phialophora jeanselmei
•Pseudallescheria boydii
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24. GEOGRAPHIC
DISTRIBUTION
WARM CLIMATES
(SE United States, South America,
Africa)
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25. ECOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
SOIL
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26. Clinical Specimens
Mycetoma
• Pus
• Tissue
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27. IDENTIFICATION
•Colonial morphology
•Conidia formation
•Granules
–Color
–Size shape
–Texture
•Biochemical reactions
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28. D
e
DEMATIACEOUS HYPHAEwww.freelivedoctorcom

29. Serological Test
Pseudalescheria
Immunodiffusion
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30. Therapy
Terbinefine
Itraconazole
Posaconazole
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31. Mucormycosis
An acute infection characterized by
inflammation and vascular invasion
and thrombosis.
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32. Portal of entry
•Inhalation
•Ingestion
•Surface contamination (burns)
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33. Mucormycosis
*Rhizopus species
Mucor species
Absidia species.
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34. GEOGRAPHIC
DISTRIBUTION
WORLDWIDE
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35. ECOLOGICAL NICHE
UBIQUITOUS
•FOOD
•SOIL
•ORGANIC DEBRIS
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36. UNCONTROLLED DIABETIC
Rapidly fatal
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37. MUCORMYCOSIS
CLINICAL SIGNS
Ketoacidosis
Nasal stuffiness
Proptosis
Eschar
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38. CHARACTERISITICS OF
MUCOR INFECTION
•AFFINITY FOR ARTERIAL INVASION
•NASAL OR SINUS INFECTIONS
•DIRECT EXTENSION TO THE BRAIN
THROUGH CRIBIFORM PLATE
•RAPIDLY FATAL
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42. WIDE, NON-SEPTATE, RIBBON-LIKE
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44. TREATMENT
MUCORMYCOSIS
•Control diabetes (or other underlying
condition)
•Biopsy
•Culture
•Surgery (Debridement)
•Amphotericin B
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45. SEROLOGIC TEST
IMMUNODIFFUSION
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46. ASPERGILLOSIS
A variety of diseases:
pulmonary, external ears, eyes,
meninges, sinuses or blood stream
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47. CLINICAL TYPES OF
PULMONARY DISEASE
3.ALLERGIC
4.FUNGUS BALL
5.INVASIVE
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48. Difficult to diagnose
2.Clinical symptoms are not specific
3.Radiography not specific (except fungus ball)
4.Blood cultures seldom positive
5.Serology seldom positive (early)
6.Need invasive procedures for early detection
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49. COMMON PATHOGENIC
SPECIES
• A. FUMIGATUS
• A. NIGER
• A. FLAVUS
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50. GEOGRAPHIC
DISTRIBUTION
WORLD-WIDE
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51. ECOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
UBIQUITOUS
•SOIL
•DECAYING VEGETATION
•FOOD
•MEDICATION
•AIR VENTS
•DISINFECTANTS
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52. Culture
•More than 900 species
•Slow growing
•Various gross colors
•Spores
–Size
–Shape
–Texture
–color
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54. HISTOPATHOLOGY
•DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING
•WIDE, SEPTATE HYPHAE
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56. DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING
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57. Aspergilloma
Cavity
wall
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59. SEROLOGIC TESTS
1. IMMUNODIFFUSION
(antibody)
4.EIA - GALACTOMANNAN
(antigen)
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62. DRUG OF CHOICE
VORICONAZOLE
AMPHOTERICIN B
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63. DIMORPHIC FUNGI
(Endemic Mycoses)
COMMON CHARACTERISTICS
•LIMITED GEOGRAPHIC AREA
•SPECIFIC ECOLOGICAL NICHE
•SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS
•MORPHOLOGICALLY DISTINCT
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64. BLASTOMYCOSIS
Blastomyces dermatitidis
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65. BLASTOMYCOSIS
A CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE AND
GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE OF ANY TISSUE
WITH A PREDILECTION FOR LUNGS, SKIN,
PROSTATE AND BONE.
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66. PORTAL OF ENTRY
INHALATION
INOCULATION
(rare)
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67. CLINICAL FORMS
2.SYSTEMIC
USUALLY PULMONARY
5.CUTANEOUS
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
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69. Pulmonary Symptoms
•Anorexia
•Weight loss
•Cough
•Hemoptysis
•Night sweats

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71. CLINICAL SPECIMENS
•SKIN SCRAPINGS
•SPUTUM
•PUS
•BIOPSY MATERIAL
•URINE
•BRONCHIAL WASHINGS
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72. ECOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
ORGANIC DEBRIS
(SOIL, ROTTED WOOD,
DECAYED VEGETATION)
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77. Virulence Factor
BAD1
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83. Identification
•1. Microscopic observation
•2. Conversion
•3. DNA Probe
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86. Wet Mount
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87. SEROLOGIC TEST
•IMMUNODIFFUSION
•COMPLEMENT FIXATION
•EIA
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88. DRUGS OF CHOICE
•ITRACONAZOLE
•AMPHOTERICIN B
•VORICONAZOLE
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