File Processing System and Database Systems

File Processing System and Database Systems
Used by different organizations to store and manage data
Different set of files for each department
Records in one file may not be related to records in other files
Problems in Traditional File Approach
1. Data Redundancy
2. Data Inconsistency
3. Program Data Dependency
4. Lack of Flexibility
5. Integrity Problems
6. Security Problems
Database
A collection of logically related data sets or files

1. File Processing System and Database Systems Overview of traditional file processing and database systems with their problems and objectives

2. File Processing System Used by different organizations to store and manage data Different set of files for each department Records in one file may not be related to records in other files

3. Problems in Traditional File Approach Data Redundancy Data Inconsistency Program Data Dependency Lack of Flexibility Integrity Problems Security Problems

4. 1. Data Redundancy Duplication of data in multiple files Causes wastage of storage Same data may be duplicated in several files

5. Example Students file contains RollNo , Name, Address, Phone Library file contains same data of students who borrow books Data of one student appears in two files

6. 2. Data Inconsistency Results from data redundancy Two files may contain different data of the same entity For example: Address of a student must be updated in all files if any change occurs Data becomes inconsistent if changed in one file but not in the other

7. 3. Program Data Dependency Relationship between data in files and program required to update and maintain the files Application programs are developed according to a particular file format If the format of file is changed, the application program also needs to be changed Changes may be costly to implement

8. 4. Lack of Flexibility Not very flexible Takes a lot of time to collect data from different files Writing programs to produce the desired information is time-consuming

9. 5. Integrity Problems Integrity means reliability and accuracy of data Stored data must satisfy certain types of consistency constraints Difficult to apply these constraints on files in file processing system

10. 6. Security Problems Does not provide adequate security on data Required to provide different types of access to data for different users Data entry operator should only be allowed to enter data Chairman of the organization should be able to access or delete the data completely Such types of security options are not possible in file processing system

11. What is a Database? A collection of logically related data sets or files Each file may contain different types of information Files are used for specific purposes Organized to meet different processing and retrieval needs

12. Example A bank may have separate files for clients Saving Accounts Current Accounts Automobile Loan Personal Loan Clients Information

13. Facilities of Database System Adding new files to the database Adding Inserting new data in existing files Inserting Retrieving data from existing files Retrieving Updating data in existing files Updating Deleting data from existing files Deleting Removing existing files from the database Removing

14. Objectives of Databases 1. Data Integration 2. Data Integrity 3. Data Independence

15. 1. Data Integration Data in file system is stored in separate files Difficult to access data stored in separate and independent files Databases solve this problem Data in database can be at different computers but appears centralized logically

16. 2. Data Integrity Reliability and accuracy of data Ensures data is consistent and correct Integrity rules act as a check on incoming data DBMS provides methods to enforce data integrity Example: Ensuring the same Employee ID is not assigned to multiple employees

17. 3. Data Independence Data and application programs are separate Change data storage without changing application programs Reorganize data without affecting programs

18. Conclusion The traditional file processing system has several drawbacks including data redundancy, inconsistency, and security issues. Databases offer solutions with integrated, accurate, and independent data management. Understanding both systems helps in selecting the appropriate approach for data management needs.