File transfer protocol- Gowdham

Get the knowledge on FTP

1. File transfer protocol PREPARED BY Mr. Gowdham . P

2. INTRODUCTION The File Transfer Protocol is a standard  network protocol  used for the transfer of  computer files   from a server to a client on a  computer network . FTP is built on a  client-server model  architecture using separate control and data connections between the client and the server. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is the simplest and most secure way to exchange files over the Internet. Transferring files from a client computer to a server computer is called " uploading " and transferring from a server to a client is " downloading “.

3. Definition   File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard Internet  protocol  for transmitting files between computers on the Internet over  TCP/IP  connections. FTP is a client-server protocol where a client will ask for a file, and a local or remote server will provide it. - PETER LOSHIN (Tech Target Contributor)

4. HISTORY The original specification for the File Transfer Protocol was written by  Abhay Bhushan   and published as  RFC   114  on 16 April 1971. Until 1980, FTP ran on  NCP , the predecessor of  TCP/IP . The protocol was later replaced by a TCP/IP version,  RFC   765  (June 1980) and  RFC   959  (October 1985), the current specification. Several proposed standards amend  RFC   959. E xample: RFC   1579  (February 1994) enables Firewall-Friendly FTP (passive mode),  RFC   2228  (June 1997) proposes security extensions,  RFC   2428  (September 1998) adds support for  IPv6  and defines a new type of passive mode.

5. Objectives of FTP It provides the sharing of files. It is used to encourage the use of remote computers. It transfers the data more reliably and efficiently.

6. FTP MODLE

7. FTP PROCESS When an FTP client is connected to a FTP server, the USER-PI initiates the connection to the server according to the Telnet protocol. The client sends FTP commands to the server, the server interprets them, runs its DTP, then sends a standard response. Once the connection is established, the server-PI gives the port on which data will be sent to the Client DTP. The client DTP then listens on the specified port for data coming from the server.

8. FTP CONNECTIONS FTP CONNECTION types

9. TYPES OF CONNECTION Control Connection:   The control connection uses very simple rules for communication. Through control connection, we can transfer a line of command or line of response at a time. The control connection is made between the control processes. The control connection remains connected during the entire interactive FTP session. Data Connection: The Data Connection uses very complex rules as data types may vary. The data connection is made between data transfer processes. The data connection opens when a command comes for transferring the files and closes when the file is transferred.

10. DTP&PI DTP (Data Transfer Process) It establishes the connection and managing the data channel. The server side DTP is called SERVER-DTP, the client side DTP is called USER-DTP. PI (Protocol Interpreter) Controls DTP using commands received over the control channel. It is different on the client and the server:

11. CONT., The SERVER-PI is responsible for listening to the commands coming from a USER-PI over the control, establishing the connection for the control channel, receiving FTP commands from the USER-PI over this, responding to them and running the SERVER-DTP. The USER-PI is responsible for establishing the connection with the FTP server, sending FTP commands, receiving responses from the SERVER-PI and controlling the USER-DTP if needed.

12. FTP Clients There are many FTP client programs, some of which are run from a command-line (such as the command ftp, a standard installed in many operating systems), but a large majority allow the user to manipulate files via a graphical interface, which makes file transfers more user-friendly.

13. Cont., Some commonly used FTP clients include the following FileZilla - a popular FTP client that is freely available for Windows, Macintosh, and Linux users Available as a free download from the Internet. Fire FTP- a plug-in for the popular Firefox web browser that can be used just like a standalone FTP program Installed through the FireFox browser. Dreamweaver - page layout/design program, which include FTP access as one of its many features Available for purchase from Adobe.

14. FTP MODLE It is important to note that since the control and data ports are separate channels, it is possible to send commands from one machine and receive data on another. So, for example it is possible to transfer data between FTP servers by passing through a client to send control instructions and by transferring information between two server processes connected on the right port.

15. FTP COMMANDS There are three different types of FTP commands: Access control commands. Example: USER,PASS,ACCT,CWD,CDUP,SMNT,REIN,QUIT. Transfer parameter commands. Example: PORT,PASU,TYPE,STRU,MODE.

16. CONT., FTP service commands. Example: RETR,STUR,STOU,APPE,ALLO,REST,RNER,RNTO,ABOR,DELE,RMD,MKD,PWD,LIST,NLST,SITE,SYST,STST.

17. THE FTP RESPONSES The FTP responses make it possible to ensure synchronization between the client and FTP server. So, at each command sent by the client, the server will potentially carry out an action and systematically send back a response.

18. CONT., The response codes are made up of 3 numbers the meanings of which are as follows: The first number indicates the status of the response (success or fail). The second number indicates what the response refers to. The third number gives a more specific meaning (relative to each second digit).

19. First number Digit 1 yz means Preliminary positive response: The action requested is in progress, a second response must be obtained before sending a second command. 2 yz Positive fulfilment response: The action requested has been fulfilled, a new command can be sent. 3 yz Intermediary positive response: The action request is temporarily suspended. Additional information is awaited from the client.

20. Cont., 4 yz Negative fulfilment response The action requested has not taken place because the command has temporarily not been accepted. The client is requested to try again later. 5 yz Permanent negative response The action requested has not taken place because the command has not been accepted. The client is requested to formulate a different request.

21. Second number digit x z Syntax The action has a syntax error, or is a command not understood by the server. x 1 z Information This is a response sending back information . x 2 z Connections The response relates to the data channel.

22. Cont., x 3 z Authentication and accounts The response relates to the (USER/PASS) login or the request to change the account (CPT) . x 4 z Not used by the FTP protocol. x 5 z File system The response relates to the remote file system.

23. Advantages of FTP Speed:   One of the biggest advantages of FTP is speed. The FTP is one of the fastest way to transfer the files from one computer to another computer. Efficient:   It is more efficient as we do not need to complete all the operations to get the entire file.

24. Cont., Security:   To access the FTP server, we need to login with the username and password. Therefore, we can say that FTP is more secure. Back & forth movement: FTP allows us to transfer the files back and forth. Suppose you are a manager of the company, you send some information to all the employees, and they all send information back on the same server.

25. Disadvantages of FTP The standard requirement of the industry is that all the FTP transmissions should be encrypted. However, not all the FTP providers are equal and not all the providers offer encryption. So, we will have to look out for the FTP providers that provides encryption. FTP serves two operations, to send and receive large files on a network. However, the size limit of the file is 2GB that can be sent. It also doesn't allow you to run simultaneous transfers to multiple receivers.

26. Cont., Passwords and file contents are sent in clear text that allows unwanted eavesdropping. So, it is quite possible that attackers can carry out the brute force attack by trying to guess the FTP password. It is not compatible with every system.

27. ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEM

28. INTRODUCTION E payments are payments that are made electronically over the internet . Earlier almost all the business transactions were done through cash payments but now IT revolution has led to the development of new forms of payment.

29. Definition Electronic payment system is a financial exchange that takes place online between buyers and sellers. There are different methods to pay electronically like credit cards , electronic cash etc. CUSTOMER VIRTUAL BUSINESS

30. PAYMENT GATEWAY Payment Gateways are the entities that act as a medium for transaction processing between the entities ( e.g. mastercard visa) and Certification authorities (CA) . They issue public key certificates to entities.

31. Payment Systems Architecture

32. Problems in traditional payment system Lack of convenience. Lack of security. Lack of coverage. Lack of eligibility. Lack of support for micro transactions.

33. TYPES OF e -payment PAYMENT CARDS CREDIT CARDS. DEBIT CARDS. CHARGE CARDS. SMART CARDS.

34. CREDIT CARDS Two of credit cards on the market. Credit cards issued by credit companies(e.g. Master card, visa) and major banks (SBI, HDFC etc.). Credit cards issed by the departmental stores(e.g. Boygner ) , oil companies(e.g. Shell).

35. DEBIT CARDS Plastic card with a unique number. Requires a bank account. No interest charges related to this card

36. CHARGE CARDS Are similar to credit cards except they have no revolving credit line so they have make payments every month. It similar to credit card and debit card in appearance bt it has a small microprocessor chip embedded in it. SMART CARDS It similar to credit card and debit card in appearance but it has a small microprocessor chip embedded in it.

37. ELECTRONIC CASH In case of e-cash, both customer and merchant have to sign up with the bank or company issuing e-cash. Enables transactions between customers without the need of banks.

38. E-WALLETS A digital wallet refers to an electronic device that allows an individual to make electronic transactions. This can include purchasing items on-line with a computer or using a smartphone to purchase something at a store. It is convenient & safe way to carry less cash. Example: Mobile Wallet.

39. MICRO-PAYMENT SYSTEM Small payments on web like billing by bank, financial institute etc. Universal acceptance. Comprehensive security. Allows vendors to sell content.

40. E-CASH Online payments via debit cards, credit cards or smart card are the examples of e-money transactions. E Cash is transferred directly from customer’s desktop to the merchant’s site.

41. E-CHEQUE E-Cheque is the result of co-operation between several banks, government entities, technology companies and e-commerce organizations. These can be used for small and large organizations.

42. Thank you all ! !