FILOVIRUS_______________________________

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1. Centeno, Lianna Kristel Comia, Jessah Lewy Tuguinayo, Christine Joy BS MLS 3-Y2-IRR 1 FILOVIRUS

2. Filovirus Has 5 genera: Cuevavirus, Ebolavirus, Marburgvirus, Striavirus, and Thamnovirus Pleomorphic, long rodlike, enveloped, nonsegmented, single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus Is filamentous - 6, U, or circular Causes severe hemorrhagic fever - Ebola virus and Marburg virus are the most pathogenic and virulent Endemic in Africa with no cure Cause fatality rates of 80% for EVD and 23% to 25% for Marburg virus infection Identified by RT-PCR, electron microscopy, and serological tests BSL 4 laboratories can develop cell cultures

3. Ebola virus Marburg virus Ebola virus

4. Filovirus in Philippines The Research Institute for Tropical Medicine has the Filovirus Research Program (FRP) Established in 1996 after the 3rd outbreak of Ebola Reston virus (RESTV) RESTV is the only filovirus isolated from Asia that is known to infect humans In the Philippines, there is evidence of RESTV infections in bats in Quezon City, Bataan, Bulacan, and Quezon Province There are 5 known RESTV outbreaks in the Philippines Most recent was in 2015 with monkeys RESTV do not pose the same threat as the African Ebola virus subtypes

5. Marburg Virus First discovered in Marburg, Germany in 1967 as polio vaccine laboratory worker s became ill Exposure to Ugandan imported African green monkeys Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a rare, severe hemorrhagic fever caused by an infection with Marburg virus or Ravn virus Zoonotic RNA virus Egyptian rousette bat known as Rousettus aegyptiacus Shows a “shepherd's hook” morphology

6. 7 structural proteins: Nucleoprotein L protein VP35/P Viral protein VP30 VP40 VP24 GP (membrane) Marburg Virus

7. Ebola Virus Is a severe infectious often fatal disease in humans and primates. Thread-like shape virion, which can be changed to circular or filamentous Viral genome is 19 kilobase long, linear, non-segmented negative sense, single-stranded RNA, encoding seven genes. Ebolaviruses were first discovered in 1976 when two consecutive outbreaks of fatal hemorrhagic fever occurred in different parts of Central Africa.

8. Ebola Virus Genus Ebolavirus has (5) subspecies Zaire ebolavirus Sudan ebolavirus Ebola-Ivory Coast Bundibugyo ebolavirus Reston ebolavirus

9. Characteristics of Filovirus

10. Widespread organ invasion and targeting of endothelial cells cause vascular damage The blood clotting system becomes disrupted and leads to impaired platelet function and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Pathogenesis Transmission from animals to human and nonhuman primates Filovirus enters the body through direct contact Inside the body, filovirus infect immune cells Regional lymph nodes become infected causing systemic dissemination Immune invasion causes inhibition of interferon signaling causing lowered antiviral defense Risk Factor s Contact with infected blood and body fluids Improper use and choice of PPE

11. Signs and Symptoms Ebola Virus Abdominal pain Vomiting Blood stream slow down Loss of appetite Rashes Laboratory findings include low white blood cells and platelet counts and elevated liver enzymes. Marburg virus Fever Chills Severe headache Cough Muscle or joint pain Sore throat

12. Epidemiology EBOLA VIRUS and MARBURG VIRUS Ebola virus is more likely to occur at the onset of the dry season . It lives inside the human body, which is roughly the same temperature regardless of where people live, and is transmitted from person to person. Infection with the Marburg or Ebola virus are endemic in Africa, results in severe hemorrhages, vomiting, abdominal pain, myalgia, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, and proteinuria.

13. Treatment EBOLA VIRUS People with symptoms of Ebola should get medical care immediately. Early care improves a person's chances of surviving Ebola. Treatment includes oral or intravenous fluids and medicines provided in the hospital. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION : According to WHO, There is an effective vaccine for the Zaire type of Ebola, which is mostly found in Guinea and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is treated with antibodies. T hese antibody medicines are given intravenously and increase the chances of survival.

14. For all types of Ebola, supportive treatments save lives and include the following: oral or intravenous fluids blood transfusions medicines for other infections the person may have, such as malaria medicines for pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. MARBURG VIRUS Currently there are no vaccines or antiviral treatments approved for MVD. However, supportive care rehydration with oral or intravenous fluids and treatment of specific symptoms, improves survival.

15. Prevention People can protect themselves by: washing hands avoiding touching the body fluids of people who have, or may have, Ebola not touching the bodies of people who have died from Ebola getting the Ebola vaccine if they are at risk for the Zaire type of Ebola. avoid contact with virus (isolation of infected population), export prohibitions on wild caught-monkey

16. References Ebola Virus Disease https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ebola-virus-disease?gclid=EAIaIQobChMImYnpkMLPggMVnRZ7Bx2hRwnGEAAYASAAEgKXf_D_BwE Marburg Virus Disease https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/marburg-virus-disease Ebola Virus Outbreak https://www.worldvision.org/health-news-stories/2014-ebola-virus-outbreak-facts#:~:text=Ebola%20outbreaks%20primarily%20occur%20in,DRC%20from%202018%20to%202020 . Peñas J, Miranda ME, de los Reyes VC, Sucaldito MN, Magpantay R. Risk assessment of Ebola Reston virus in humans in the Philippines. Western Pac Surveill Response J. 2019 Jul;10(3). doi:10.5365/wpsar.2016.7.3.004 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5201123/ Elsevier. (2022). Filovirus. In Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology (15th edition, pp. 1066–1067).

17. Thank you.