filtration methods with ancient methods intro and modern techniques and their mechanism.pptx

this presentation gives a brief introduction for filtration methods of water

1. Filtration Methods

2. Fig1: Household water filter Importance of filtration 1. Drinking Water Purification 2. Industrial Applications 3. Agricultural Uses 4. Environmental Protection 5. Medical and Pharmaceutical Applications 6. Food and Beverage Industry 7. Domestic Uses 8. Recreational Applications T he separation of solids from a suspensio n in a liquid by means of a porous medium or screen which retains the solids and allows the liquid to pass 2

3. Filtration with Sand and Gravel : Used by ancient Egyptians Cloth Filtration : The Hippocratic sleeeve Charcoal Filtration : Employed by ancient Egyptians and Indians to absorb impurities. P orous Stone Filtration : The Maya civilization used porous limestone to filter household water supplies. 1 2 3 4 Ancient Water Filtration Methods 3

4. Depth Filtration S urface Filtration Mebrane Filtration 1 2 3 Modern W ater Filteration 4

5. Depth Filtration 5

6. Typically fibrous or granular materials A filtration process where particles are trapped within the thickness of the filter medium. Particles are captured through a combination of adsorption and mechanical entrapment Clarification of beverages, pharmaceutical solutions, and air filtration Definition Mechanism Materials Used Applications 6

7. Advantages High contaminant holding capacity Can handle high flow rates Suitable for removing a wide range of particle sizes 7

8. Disadvantages Cannot be easily cleaned and reused Pressure drop increases as the filter clogs 8

9. Surface Filtration

10. Surface filtration is a process that uses a thin filter media to separate particles, which are retained on the surface of the filter media. Particles that are larger than the pores or holes of the filter media will be strained out , preventing solids from passing through the filter surface. Woven fabrics, metal meshes, filtration papers and synthetic membranes are the most commonly used filter materials in surface filters. Surface filters are typically used before chemical or biological treatments because their surfaces cannot withstand harsh chemicals. 10

11. After filtration, contaminant solid particles are retained on the surface of the filter. These retained particles form a thin layer (sheet) on the filter surface, known as the cake layer . Over time, the thickness of the cake layer increases, which helps to improve the efficiency of the filter. The cake layer acts as a filter material and captures additional solid particles.

12. Membrane Filtration -A process where a semipermeable membrane is used to separate particles from a fluid. Applications -Water purification -Dairy processing -Pharmaceutical manufacturing 13

13. Types of Membrane Filtration Nanofiltration (NF) Ultrafiltration (UF) Microfiltration (MF) Reverse Osmosis (RO) 14

14. Membrane Filtration - Mechanism Removes particles 0.01-0.1 µm Removes particles 0.1-10 µm Removes particles 0.001-0.01 µm Removes particles < 0.001 µm (including dissolved salts) Pressure difference across the membrane. Ultrafiltration Microfiltration Nanofiltration Reverse Osmosis Driving Force 15

15. Membrane Filtration Advantages High efficiency in separating fine particles and dissolved substances Produces high purity outputs Can be automated and controlled precisely Disadvantages High initial and operational costs Membrane fouling and scaling Requires pre-treatment of feed solutions 16

16. Conclusion I ntroduction of filtration M ain types of filtration Ancient to modern techniques & Improvement Importance of filtration T heir types, mechanisms and advantages and disadvantages 01 03 05 04 02 17

17. Thank You! 18