Fingerprint Pattern

A fingerprint is an impression of the friction ridges on all parts of the finger. A friction ridge is a raised portion of the epidermis on the palmar (palm) or digits (fingers and toes) or plantar (sole) skin, consisting of one or more connected ridge units of friction ridge skin. These are sometimes known as "epidermal ridges" which are caused by the underlying interface between the dermal papillae of the dermis and the interpapillary (rete) pegs of the epidermis. These epidermal ridges serve to amplify vibrations triggered when fingertips brush across an uneven surface, better transmitting the signals to sensory nerves involved in fine texture perception. The ridges do not assist in gripping objects, sometimes in fact reducing grip to as much as 30% compared to completely smooth fingerpads.

1. FingerprintFingerprint
PatternsPatterns
(Based on the Henry Classification System)(Based on the Henry Classification System)

2. What is a fingerprint?What is a fingerprint?
A fingerprint is an impression of the
friction ridges found on the inner
surface of a finger or a thumb.
…The science of fingerprinting
constitutes the only unchangeable and
infallible means of positive identification
known to man.

3. Reasons why Reasons why fingerprintfingerprints are used s are used
for identification purposes:for identification purposes:
1.)  Ridge patterns and the details in small areas of
friction ridges are unique and never repeated.
2.)  Friction ridges develop on the fetus in their
definitive form before birth.
3.)  Ridges are persistent throughout life except
for permanent scarring.
4.)  Friction ridge patterns vary within limits which
allow for classification.

4. These premises are supported by
scientific research in areas such as
biology, embryology, anatomy and histology
to name a few.
The fourth premise is not really a fact
relating to identification.  Fingerprint
classification assists to narrow the search
but is not part of the actual identification
process.  Its importance is clear though if
you consider the huge task you would be
faced with if, after taking thousands and
thousands of fingerprints,  you had no
method to file and retrieve them.

5. In order to gain a more indepth
understanding of the principles of
fingerprint identification,  the
identification specialist needs to have
knowledge of the actual biological
structure of friction skin and
understand the stages of friction skin
development on the fetus prior to birth
and, the numerous factors that affect its
growth.

6. (TRIVIA)(TRIVIA)
Also, did you know that...Also, did you know that...

Identical twins have the same
DNA configuration but they do not
have identical friction ridge
configuration. 

7. The ARCHThe ARCH
The Arch
pattern is made up
of ridges lying one
above the other in a
general arching
formation.

8. The TENTED ARCHThe TENTED ARCH
The tented arch
pattern consists of at
least one upthrusting
ridge, which tends to
bisect superior
ridges at right angles,
more or less.

9. The LOOP (Ulnar or Radial)The LOOP (Ulnar or Radial)
The loop pattern consists of
one or more free recurving ridges
and one delta.
In order to distinguish
between ulnar and radial loops
you must:
1)  know from which hand the
loop pattern comes from and;
2) place your hand palm side down
over top of the impression and
determine if the recurving ridges
originate from the little finger side
or the thumb side.
If the ridges flow in from the
little finger side this would be an
'ulnar' loop.  If the ridges flow in
from the thumb side this would be
a 'radial' loop

10. The WHORLThe WHORL
The whorl pattern
consists of one or more
free recurving ridges and
two points of delta.  When
the line of the fingerprint
disc is placed on the two
points of delta, it will bisect
at least one of the ridges
belonging to the core
group.

11. The TWINNED LOOPThe TWINNED LOOP
In the twinned
loop pattern, the
recurving ridges
present two loop
formations, separate
and apart.  There are
two points of delta. 
The flows for the
deltas originate from
the same side of the
pattern.

12. The CENTRAL POCKET LOOPThe CENTRAL POCKET LOOP
The central pocket
loop pattern consists of
one or more free
recurving ridges and two
points of delta.  When
the line of the fingerprint
disc is placed on the two
points of delta, it will fail
to bisect any of the ridges
belonging to the core
group.

13. The LATERAL POCKET LOOPThe LATERAL POCKET LOOP
In the lateral pocket
loop pattern, the
recurving ridges present
two loop formations,
separate and apart. 
There are two points of
delta.  The flows for the
deltas originate from the
same side of the pattern.

14. The COMPOSITEThe COMPOSITE
The composite
pattern is composed of
two or more different
patterns, separate and
apart exclusive of the
arch.

15. The ACCIDENTALThe ACCIDENTAL
The accidental
pattern will contain
two points of delta. 
One delta will be
related to a recurve
and the other will be
related to an
upthrust.

16. ReferenceReference::
Henry Classification System
Automated Fingerprint
Identification System (A.F.I.S.)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fingerp
rint
http://images.google.com.ph/imag
es
http://ridgesandfurrows.homestea
d.com/fingerprint_patterns.html

17. THANK YOU…THANK YOU…
The END!