fire alarm system

in detail of fire alarm system

1. Fire Alarm System Presented by Ashwita

2. 1. What is Fire Alarm System A  Fire Alarm System  has a number of devices working together to detect and warn people through visual and audio appliances when  Smoke fire, carbon monoxide  or other  emergencies are present . A larms may be activated automatically from   Smoke Detector and   Heat detector  or may also be activated via  Manual alarm activation  devices such as manual call points or pull stations.

3. AGE N DA 1.What is Fire alarm system 2. What is purpose of Fire alarm system. 3. FAS system block diagram 4. Fire alarm pane in detail 5. Types of Detector 6. Input of Fire alarm system 7. Output of Fire Alarm system 8. FAS Indicator Panel 9. FAS Panel key indetail

4. 2. What is purpose of the Fire Alarm System DETECT ALERT EVACULATE LIFE SAFETY

5. 3. FAS SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM FIRE ALARM PANEL SYSTEM DETECTOR HOOTER MCP PA SYSTEM Fig. Block diagram FAS Panel

6. Fire Alarm system Diagram Fire alarm panel Led flasher PA System Door release Hooter

7. 4. FIRE ALARM PANEL INPUT OUTPUT SMOKE DETECTOR HEAT DETECTOR EMERGENCY BREAK GLASS HOOTER PA SYSTEM LED FLASHER ALARM DOOR RELEASE

8. DETECTOR SMOKE DETECTOR FLAME DETECTOR HEAT DETECTOR IONISATION DETECTOR PHOTOELECTRIC DETECTOR FIXED TEMPERATURE RATE – OF-RISE ( ROR ) 5. TYPES OF DETECTOR :

9. 6. I NPUT OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

10. 1.Smoke detector A Smoke Detector is a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator of fire. Commercial security devices issue a signal to a fire alarm control panel as part of a fire alarm system,. while household smoke detectors, also known as smoke alarms . Smoke can be detected either optically (photoelectric) or by physical process (ionization); detectors may use either, or both, methods. alarms can be used to detect, and thus deter, smoking in areas where it is banned. 

11. 1.PHOtoELECTRIC SMOKE detector A photoelectric smoke detector is characterized by its use of light to detect fire. Inside the alarm, there’s a light-sensing chamber. In this chamber, an LED light shoots a beam of light in a straight light across the chamber. The alarm detects smoke; when smoke enters the chamber, it deflects the LED light from the straight path into a photo sensor in a different compartment in the same chamber. As soon as light beams hit this sensor, the alarm begins to sound.

12. how to Work PHOTOELECTRIC Smoke detector

13. 2.IONISATION SMOKE detector Ionization smoke alarms are the most common type of smoke alarm and are quicker at sensing flaming, fast moving fires. This type of alarm uses a small amount of radioactive material to ionize air in an internal sensing chamber. As a result, the air in the chamber becomes conductive permitting current to flow between two charged electrodes. When smoke particles enter the chamber, the conductivity of the chamber air will decrease. When this reduction in conductivity is reduced to a predetermined level, the alarm is set off. 

14. HOW TO WORK IONISATION SMOKE DETECTOR

15. INSIDE IONISATION SMOKE DETECTOR

16. 1.Fixed Temperature Heat Detectors These types of heat detectors are the most commonly used. Fixed temperature heat detectors work when the element that is sensitive to heat reaches the point where a solid changes to liquid. This causes the temperature of the device to reach its operating temperature a while after the surrounding air temperature exceeds the device temperature. When this happens, the detector is activated and an alarm is sounded.

17. 1.Heat detector A  Heat detector  is a fire alarm device designed to respond when the convected thermal energy of a fire increases the temperature of a heat sensitive element. The thermal mass and conductivity of the element regulate the rate flow of heat into the element. All heat detectors have this thermal lag. The heat detector is used to help in the reduction of damaged property. It is triggered when temperature increases. Heat detector is used to help in the reduction of damaged property.

18. 1.Fixed Temperature Heat Detectors These types of heat detectors are the most commonly used. Fixed temperature heat detectors work when the element that is sensitive to heat reaches the point where a solid changes to liquid. This causes the temperature of the device to reach its operating temperature a while after the surrounding air temperature exceeds the device temperature. When this happens, the detector is activated and an alarm is sounded.

19. 2.RATE –OF-RISE OR (ROR) HEAT DETECTOR ROR heat detectors work on the rapid increase in the element temperature of around 12°F – 15°F per minute This rise in temperature does not depend on the initial temperature. ROR heat detectors work on the principle of thermistors or thermocouples. The ROR detector has two thermocouples that are sensitive to heat. One of the thermocouples monitors heat that is transferred by radiation or convection. The other thermistor responds to the ambient temperature.

20. 2.RATE –OF-RISE OR (ROR) HEAT DETECTOR ROR heat detectors may not respond to slowly developing fires . The heat detector is activated when the temperature of the first thermocouple increases relative to the second one. In order to detect slowly developing fires, usually a fixed temperature element is added to the ROR detector which will be activated when the element reaches the pre-set threshold temperature.

21. 2.EMERGENCY BREAK GLASS A person must be able to open a fire escape door in the event of an emergency. This is normally through a handle which directly opens the lock In buildings such as theatres where there are large numbers of occupants, the usual method is by using a crash bar which mechanically pulls open the locking bolts. It is used to alert security of an Emergency Situation.

22. 3.MANUAL CALL POINT A MANUAL CALL  POINT is a device which enables personnel to raise an alarm in the event of a  fire  incident by pressing a frangible element to activate the alarm system. They are usually connected to a central fire alarm panel which is in turn connected to an alarm system in the building, and often to a local fire brigade dispatcher. manual call point are used to initiate an alarm signal, and operate by means of a simple button press or when glass is broken revealing a button. Manual alarm call points are designed for the purpose of raising an alarm manually once verification of a fire or emergency condition exists, by operating the push button or break glass the alarm signal can be raised.

23. 7. OUTPUT OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

24. 1.LED FLASHER Flashing red light on a Smoke detector. This depends on the brand and model of your detector. If it has only a red led, this will flash slowly, about once every 10 to indicate it is on. Generally a fast blink, around every 3 to 5 seconds, indicates that it has a maintenance issue, it’s dirty or out of sensitivity tolerance. Consult the instructions if there is a fast blink. When the red led is on steady, it is in an alarm condition. If it has a green led and a red led, all bets are off, consult the instructions for that model.

25. 2.hooter Hooter are used in fire alarm system to alert people in case of fire. It is usually fully solid state with an audio output that is high enough for it to be heard at a distance that is not less than 50m. The hooter generally have a facility to adjust the output volume based on requirements of sides requirement of the side value. Hooter are typically connected to detector loop. In FAS that use Emergency Voice Alarm Communication System(EVACS) to give voice message either manual or recorded.

26. 3.EMERgency DOOR RELEASE A range of emergency door releases (EDR’s) to provide a physical method of unlocking an electronic lock in the event of an emergency. These units are normally electrically connected in line (series) with “fail safe” locks, to remove power to the lock when the unit is activated. It is strongly recommended that the local fire regulations are understood, and any products fitted tofire escape doors must comply with the local fire officers regulations.

27. 4 .PA SYSTEM A public address system can only be used for fire alarm emergency voice notification, under certain circumstances A  public address system  ( PA system ) is an electronic system . It comprising   microphones, amplifiers, loudspeakers, and related equipment.   It increases the apparent  volume(loudness) of a human voice, musical instrument, or other acoustic sound source or recorded sound or music. 

28. 8. FAS INDICATOR PANEL

29. 9. FAS INDICATOR PANEL RESET ALARM SILENSE PANEL SILENSE DRILL ALARM SUPERVISORY TROUBLE MONITOR/MAP PING

30. RESET RESET Function is used to cleared of any alarm conditions in FAS panel.  After the system is reset, such as a Smoke detector continuing to sense smoke . A manual pull station still in an activated position, another alarm will be initiated, or in some cases, the panel.

31. ALARM SILENSE IT is used to silence the system. Also known as “Signal silence" or "audible silence". Depending on the configuration of the alarm system, this function will either silence the system's notification appliances completely or will silence only the audible alarm, while strobe lights continue to flash.

32. PANEL SILENSE Panel Silence indicator is used in conjunction with the "Alarm" indicator. & silence the Panel A new alarm initiation while the alarm is silenced will take the panel out of Audible Silence and reactivate the notification appliances. Usually the alarm panel's sounder will activate if a trouble condition exists.

33. DRILL Also known as "Manual Evacuation" or "Evacuate". Drill" indicator shows that the alarm condition was activated from the fire alarm panel,often in order to conduct a fire drill. When an alarm is initiated for a drill, the fire department or monitoring company is usually not notified automatically.

34. ALARM Also known as "Fire" or "General Alarm". This indicator is lit when an alarm condition exists in the system, initiated by Smoke Detector, Heat Detector, sprinkler flow switches, Manual Pull stations, manual call points, or otherwise. In an alarm condition, the fire alarm panel indicates where the alarm originated. The alarm panel can be reset once the device which initiated the alarm is reset, such as returning the handle of a manual pull station to its normal position.

35. SUPERVISORY This signal indicates that a portion of the building's fire protection system has been disabled . Such as a fire sprinkler control valve being closed and, consequently, a sprinkler tamper switch being activated), or, less frequently, that a lower priority initiating device has been triggered (such as a duct smoke detector).

36. TROUBLE Also known as "Fault" or "Defect". Trouble conditions are often activated by a contaminated smoke detector or an electrical problem within the system. Trouble conditions are also activated by a zone being disabled (disconnected from the system), a circuit being disabled, low power on the backup battery, the disabling of a notification appliance, the ground faults, or short or open circuits. "Trouble" indicator goes out automatically when the situation causing the trouble condition is rectified.

37. MONITOR/MAPPING Also known as "cause and effect" or "programming“. Mapping is the process of activating outputs depending on which inputs have been activated. Traditionally, when an input device is activated, a certain output device (or relay) is activated. As time has progressed, more and more advanced techniques have become available, often with large variations in style between different companies.