Fire , Fire types and Fire Extinction

Fire , Fire types and Fire Extinction, fire Extinguisher

1. Prepared By : Jignesh Parmar ([email protected])
Fire, Fire Types
And
Fire Extinction

2. What is fire ?
Fireis the result of a chemical reaction called
combustion.
The rapid oxidation of a fuel evolving heat,
particulates, gases and non-ionizing radiation.
A process in which substances combine chemically
with oxygen from the air and typically give out
bright light, heat, and smoke; combustion or burning

3. What is the state of matter of flame?
Fire is an oxidizing chemical reaction that releases heat and light. The
actual flames that you see moving and glowing when something is
burning are simplygasthat is still reacting and giving off light.
Plasmas aregasesin which a good fraction of themoleculesare
ionized
The flame itself is a mixture of gases (vaporized fuel, oxygen, carbon
dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapor, and many other things)

4. Fire Triangle
Each of these Four elements must be present at the same time to have a fire.
FUEL
Any combustible material –solid, liquid or gas
OXYGEN
The air we breathe is about 21%
oxygen –fire needs only
16% oxygen
HEAT
The energy necessary to increase the
temperature of fuel to where sufficien
t vapors are given off for ignition to occur
CHAIN REACTION

7. Classes of fire (As Per Indian Standard)
Class A -fires involving solid materials such as wood, paper or
textiles.
Class B -fires involving flammable liquids such as petrol, diesel
or oils.
Class C -fires involving gases & live electrical apparatus.
Class D -fires involving metals.
Class K -fires involving cooking oils such as in deep-fat fryers.

8. Extinction of Fire
Cooling
Starving
Smothering
Breaking chain reaction –fourth method

9. Cooling
Removing the heat is one of the most effective methods of
fire extinction available, That is why water is a popular
extinguishing material.
Heat will absorbed by the water and so the fire triangle
will broke down. And fire will be Extinguish.

10. Starving
While cooling removes the heat/ignition element of the ‘fire triangle’,
starving the blaze of its fuel source approaches extinction from a different
angle.
A raging fire will burn itself out if it runs out of flammable materials, such
as a bonfire out in the open that isn’t in contact with any other wood or dry
grass.
Similarly, a gas fire will immediately extinguish if the gas supply is cut off

11. Smothering
As the other key component present in the chemical reaction that causes
combustion, removing oxygen from the equation is the final way of
extinguishing a fire.
For example, smothering a frying pan blaze with a fire blanket reduces the
oxygen to below the 16% required to react, while covering a candle with a
glass will snuff it out in a vacuum.
Smothering is a technique that is mostly applicable to solid fuel fires,
although some materials may contain enough oxygen within their own
chemical makeup to keep the blaze burning.

13. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
Water Fire
Extinguisher
Dry
Chemical
Powder Fire
Extinguisher
ABC Powder
Fire
Extinguisher
CO2 Fire
Extinguisher
Foam Fire
Extinguisher

14. HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

15. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-How to use Fire Extinguisher???
It’seasytorememberhowto
useafireextinguisherifyou
remembertheacronymPASS:
Pull
Aim
Squeeze
Sweep

16. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-How to use Fire Extinguisher???
Pull the pin or safety clip…
Thiswillallowyoutodischargethe
extinguisher

17. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-How to use Fire Extinguisher???
Aim at the base of the
fire…
Hit the fuel.
If you aim at the flames...
… the extinguishing agent will fly
right through and do no good.

18. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-How to use Fire Extinguisher???
Squeeze, rotate or hit the
top of the handle…
This depresses a pin that releases the
pressurized extinguishing agent.

19. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-How to use Fire Extinguisher???
Sweep from side to
side…
.. until the fire is completely out.
Start using the extinguisher from a safe
distance away, then slowly move
forward.
Once the fire is out, keep an eye on
the area in case it re-ignites.

20. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-Water Fire Extinguisher
WaterFireExtinguishers
WaterisbestfireWater(W/CO2)
FireExtinguishersextinguisher
suitabletodealfiresinvolving
ordinarycarbonaceousmaterials
likewood,paper,cloth,rubber
&jute.Waterextinguishesfire
rapidlybystriking,instant
cooling&quenchingeffects.
Filledwith water and
pressurizedCO2GasCartridge,
theyareessentiallylargesquirt
guns.

21. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-Water Fire Extinguisher
How Water Extinguisher
works?
Water extinguish fire by
taking away the “HEAT”
element of the Fire
Triangle.
OXYGEN

22. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-Water Fire Extinguisher
CAUTIONfor Water Extinguisher.
•Usingwateronaflammable
liquidfirecouldcausethe
firetospread.
•Usingwateronanelectrical
fireincreasestheriskof
electrocution.Ifyouhave
nochoicebuttousea
Wateronanelectricalfire,
makesuretheelectrical
equipmentisun-pluggedor
de-energized.
W/CO2isdesignedforClassAfire
only:
Wood,paper,cloth&combustible
material.

23. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-Water Fire Extinguisher
Where you will find Water
Extinguisher?
•RiskoffireAtype
•Building,Residenthall
•Textile/Woodindustries
•Godown
WhereeverFireAtyperisk
exists,waterextinguisheristo
beinstalled.

24. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-Dry Chemical Powder (BC) Fire
Extinguisher
Dry Chemical Powder (BC)
Fire Extinguishers
Drychemicalextinguisherswith
powderdesignedforClassBand
Cfires(“BC”extinguishers).
Itisfilledwithdrypowderwhich
expelledbyCO2pressurewhen
operated.

25. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-Dry Chemical Powder (BC) Fire
Extinguisher
How Dry Chemical Powder
(BC) Fire Extinguisher
works?
Drychemicalextinguishersputout
firebycoatingthefuelwithathin
layerofdust.Thisseparatesthe
fuelfromtheoxygenintheair.
These extinguishers are very
effective at putting out class B & C
fires.
OXYGEN

26. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-Dry Chemical Powder (BC)Fire
Extinguisher
Where you will find Dry
Chemical Powder (BC) Fire
Extinguisher.
•RiskoffireB&Ctype
•ChemicalStorageArea
•Laboratories
•Liquid/Gasfuelstorage
area
WhereeverFireB&Ctyperisk
exists,DCP(BC)extinguisheristo
beinstalled.

27. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-Dry Chemical Powder(ABC) Fire
Extinguisher
DryChemicalPowder(ABC)
FireExtinguishers
“ABC”fireextinguishersare
filledwithafineyellow
powder. Thegreatest
portionofthispowderis
composed of mono
ammoniumphosphate.The
extinguishersarepressurized
withCarbonDioxide.

28. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-Dry Chemical Powder (ABC)Fire
Extinguisher
How Dry Chemical Powder
Fire (ABC) Extinguisher
works?
ABCDrychemicalextinguishers
putoutfirebycoatingthefuel
withathinlayerofdust.This
separatesthefuelfromtheoxygen
intheair.
Thepowderalsoworkstointerrupt
thechemicalreactionoffire.
Theseextinguishersarevery
effectiveatputtingoutfire.
OXYGEN

29. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-Dry Chemical Powder (ABC)Fire
Extinguisher
Where you will find Dry
Chemical Powder (ABC)
Fire Extinguisher.
•RiskoffireA,B&C
type
•ChemicalStorageArea
•Laboratories
•Liquid/Gasfuelstorage
area
Where ever Fire A, B & C type risk
exists, DCP(ABC) extinguisher is to
be installed.

30. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguisher
CarbonDioxideFire
Extinguishers
Itishighlypressurized
carbondioxidecylinder.
Whencarbondioxide
released,due to
reductioninpressure
dryiceusetoform

31. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguisher
How Carbon Dioxide Fire
Extinguisher works?
Carbondioxideisanon-
flammablegasthattakesaway
theoxygenelementofthefire
triangle.Withoutoxygen,there
isnofire.
OXYGEN

32. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguisher
CAUTIONfor CO2 fire Extinguisher.
ACO
2maybeineffectivein
extinguishingaClassAfire
becauseitmaynotbeableto
displaceenoughoxygento
successfullyputthefireout.
ClassAmaterialsmayalso
smolderandre-ignitewhenCO2
typeextinguisherused.
Itformsdryiceanditmakeloud
sound.
Alwaysuseinsulatedhandleto
protectyourselffromcoldburn.
WhereeverFireB&Ctyperisk
exists,CO2extinguisheristobe
installed.

33. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-Carbon Dioxide Fire ire Extinguisher
Where you will find Carbon
Dioxide Fire Extinguisher.
•RiskoffireB&Ctype
•ChemicalStorageArea
•Laboratories
•Liquidfuelstoragearea
•Electrical/Electronics
installation
WhereeverFireB&Ctyperiskexists,
CO2extinguisheristobeinstalled

34. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-Foam Fire Extinguisher
FoamFireExtinguishers
Foamisapowerfulknockdown
agentforspillfiresinvolving
inflammable liquids.This
extinguisherformsathicklater
offoamovertheburning
surface,effectivelycuttingof
atmosphericsupplyofoxygento
theburningsurfacethereby
smotheringthefireand
preventingre-ignition.Foam
extinguishesfirebygiving
blanketingeffect.

35. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-Foam Fire Extinguisher
How Foam Fire Extinguisher
works?
Mechanical Foam (AFFF)
extinguishfirebytakingaway
the“Heat”&“Oxygen”
elementoftheFireTriangle.
OXYGEN

38. Emergency Window in railway

39. Thank you
BY : Jignesh Parmar (7226889999)