Fire prevention control

FIRE PREVENTION & CONTROL

1. FIRE PREVENTION & CONTROL BY: MAYANK JOSHI (HEUBACH COLOR)

2. TOPICS DEFINITION WITH EXAMPLE FIRE PREVENTION SYSTEM CAUSE OF FIRE EXAMPLE HOW TO PREVENT FIRE FIRE CONTROL METHOD FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENTS

3. DEFINITIONS Flash Point : It is the lowest temperature at which a liquid will give off enough flammable vapour at or near its surface, such that its mixture with air can be ignited by a spark or flame. Auto Ignition Temperature : It is the lowest temperature at which a liquid will give off enough flammable vapour at or near its surface, such that its mixture with air will self ignite in the absence of spark or flame.

4. EXAMPLE OF FLASH POINT SUBSTANCE DEG C METHANOL 12 IBA 28 XYLENE 25 IPA 13 MONO CHLORO BENZENE (MCB) 29.4

5. Flammable Limits (Explosive Ranges) : The min concentration of a particular combustible gas or vapour necessary to support its combustion in air is defined as Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) for that gas. Below this level the mixture is too lean to burn. The max concentration of a gas or vapour that will burn in air is defined as the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL). Above this level, the mixture is too rich to burn. The range between the LEL and UEL is known as the flammable range for that gas or vapour. The Values (i.e. upper & lower) expressed in percentage volume of fuel vapour in air, is the range of concentration within which a particular vapour or gas mixture with air will burn or explode when ignited. Below LEL, the mixture is lean to burn & above UEL the mixture is too rich to burn. DEFINITIONS

6. Examples of Explosive Limits SUBSTANCE LEL (%) UEL (%) METHANOL 6 36 IBA 1.7 10.9 XYLENE 1.1 6.6 IPA 2 12 MONO CHLORO BENZENE (MCB) 1.3 11

7. THE FIRE TETRAHEDRON The Combustion Process Fuel or Combustible materials. Oxygen Source of ignition (Heat / Temp / Spark) Chain Reaction

8. FIRE PREVENTION & CONTROL SYSTEM PASSIVE Design of buildings Structure Fabric Components & their installation Design of buildings Structure Fabric Components & their installation ACTIVE Portable extinguishers Alarm detection Hose reels Automatic extinguishers Pressurised escape route Smoke extraction & ventilation

9. CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL FIRE CAUSES % Electricity 23 Smoking/Mobile 18 Friction 10 Over Head Material 08 Hot Surface 07 Burner Flame 07 Combustion Spark 05 Spontaneous Ignition 04 Cutting & Welding 04 Exposure 03 Sabotage 03 Chemical Action 01

10. HOW TO PREVENT FIRE ? Good housekeeping habits are an important part of a safe workplace . Why is good housekeeping important? To reduce amounts of flammable and combustible materials. To reduce ignition hazards. To ensure safe emergency evacuation of occupants. To allow for quick emergency response

11. Electrical Fire Electrical hazards are the cause of numerous workplace fires each year. Faulty electrical equipment or misuse of equipment produces heat and sparks that serve as ignition sources in the presence of flammable and combustible materials . Examples of common ignition hazards : overloading circuits use of unapproved electrical devices damaged or worn wiring HOW TO PREVENT FIRE ?

12. Method of Fire Control The fire can extinguished by the following methods. Fuel Control (Removal of combustible material) Heat Control (Cooling effect) Oxygen Control (Smothering / Blanketing ) Beating out (Breaking of chain reaction by hitting ) The controlling of fire depends on the characteristics of a material, situation in which fire taken place, available resources etc. are to be considered for extinguishing the fire.

13. DIFFERENT MATERIALS TO EXTINGUISH THE FIRE Water Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Inert gas like Nitrogen Sand / Earth Foam Compound Protein Foam AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming Foam) ARFC (Alcohol Resistance Foam Compound)

14. Dry Chemical Ordinary Base “BC” Sodium Bicarbonate Potassium Bicarbonate Potassium Chloride Do not use on “A” fires, will put out only surface area, heated core may re-ignite Multipurpose “ABC” Mono ammonium Phosphate Ammonium Phosphate Barium Sulfate

15. CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE Class of Fire Description Extinguishing Media A Fires involving ordinary combustible materials like wood, Paper, Textiles etc. Water, Water- CO2 Extinguisher B Fires inflammable liquids like Oils, Solvents, Petroleum Products, Varnish, Paints, etc. Where blanketing effect is essential Foam, CO2, DCP

16. CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE Class of Fire Description Extinguishing Media C, E Fire involving Gaseous substances like LPG, Propane, Butane etc. Fires involving electric equipment CO2, DCP D Fires involving metals like sodium Magnesium, Aluminum, Zinc, Potassium etc. Where the burning metal is reactive to water Special Type DCP

17. Fire Control & Protection System Detection & Alarm System Mobile Fire Protection Portable Fire Protection Fixed Fire Protection

18. Fire Protection Detection & Alarm System Heat Detector Smoke detector Flame Detector Manual Call Point

19. Fire Protection Mobile Fire Protection Different types of Fire Vehicles Fire Tender – Water, Foam, CO2, DCP, Multipurpose, Rescue tender. Turn Table ladder Hydraulic Platform

20. Fire Protection Portable Fire Protection Fire Buckets

21. Fire Protection Fire Extinguisher

22. Fire Protection Fixed Fire Protection Water Base Installation Manual : Fire Hydrant System Auto Sprinkler System Non - Water Base Installation Foam Installation System CO2 Installation System DCP Installation System

23. Fire Protection Fixed Fire Protection : Hydrant Line

24. FIRE EVACUATION PLAN WHAT TO DO IN CASE OF FIRE Don’t panic Try to find a secondary exit Feel doors for heat with your hand If the door is hot, don’t open it! If you can’t find another exit, stay where you are

25. THE END!