fire safety final in health care facilities

fire safety

1. Fire safety Presented by: Engineer Ahmed Magdi Head of Engineering Department Madina Medical Center

2. Learning Objectives: At the end of the presentation, the participants will be able to: 1. Know what is Fire, & basic fire prevention. 2. Identify the three elements of fire and Causes of fire. 3. Know the types of fire. 4. Equipment used to control fire. 5. Know the different parts, types, and use of the fire extinguisher following the P-A-S-S mechanism. 5. Know the fire Safety components, including main medical gas valve 6. Know the evacuation plan, different types of evacuation and Assembly points. 7. Define R-A-C-E 8. Know the Fire Action Plan

3. It’s not just a fireman’s job; we, too, have a responsibility to learn and be educated on fire prevention. Introduction Fire prevention Fire is the third leading cause of accidental deaths. Yet, most people ignore this. More than 150 workplace fires occur every day. “Fire Prevention Save Lives & Millions Worth of Properties"

4. What is FIRE ? Is the visible effect of the process of combustion – a special type of chemical reaction. Is a result from fast chemical reaction between a combustible substance and oxygen, accompanied by the generation of heat. 01

5. Elements of fire triangle

6. Any combustible materials such as Solid: coal, plastic, wax, grain, leather, wood, paper, etc., Liquid : diesel, gasoline, kerosene, alcohol, paint, varnish, oil, etc., Gases : natural gas, propane, butane, hydrogen, acetylene, carbon monoxide, etc. This determines the Class of Fire Remember: it is the “ vapor ” that burns Elements of fire triangle fuel

7. Is the energy necessary to increase the temperature of the fuel to a point where sufficient vapors are given off for ignition to occur. (E.g.., sun, lightning, friction, a concave lens, or a super hot objects) The FLASH POINT (FP) of materials or fuel varies; the lower the FP the more ignitable (flammable or combustible) it becomes Elements of fire triangle Heat

8. The air we breathe which is about 21% oxygen Fire only needs an atmosphere with at least 16% oxygen Elements of fire triangle Oxygen

9. 5. Poor Housekeeping Electrical 2. Hot Work (Welding  and Cutting) 3. Stoves Fire Prevention and Protection: Causes of Fire… 4. smoking

10. CLASS A: Wood, paper, cloth, trash , plastics—solids that are not metals. CLASS B: Flammable liquids—gasoline, oil, grease, acetone. Includes flammable gases. CLASS C: Electrical—energized electrical equipment. As long as it’s “plugged in.” CLASS D: Metals—potassium, sodium, aluminum, magnesium. Requires Metal-X, foam, and other special extinguishing agents. CLASS K: kitchen oils, deep fat fryers, and others. Recently recognized by NFPA 10. Fires involving combustible vegetable or animal non-saturated cooking fats in commercial cooking equipment. Classes of Fire

11. Equipment Used to Control Fire 1/ Fixed Systems: - This includes sprinklers, hydrants, hoses, and special pipe systems for dry chemical, carbon dioxide, and foam. 2/ Portable Fire Extinguishers: - “Portable” is applied to manual equipment used on small fires or in the interim between discovery of fire and the functioning of the automatic equipment.

12. Fixed Systems Fire Sprinkler Fire Pump System Standpipe or fireman’s connections Fire Hose Cabinet/ Fire hose cabinet w/ AFFF

13. Fire Extinguisher Anatomy DISCHARGE HOSE DISCHARGE NOZZLE DISCHARGE ORIFICE BODY DATA PLATE CARRYING HANDLE PRESSURE GAUGE (not found on CO 2 extinguishers) DISCHARGE HANDLE DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN AND SEAL Must have monthly inspection tag

14. 2.5 gal. water at 150-175 psi (up to 1 minute discharge time). Has pressure gauge to allow visual capacity check. 30-40 ft. maximum effective range. Can be started and stopped as necessary. Extinguishes by COOLING burning material below the ignition point. Class “A” fires only TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS PRESSURIZED WATER

15. 2.5-100 lb. of CO2 gas at 150-200 psi (8-30 seconds discharge time). Has NO pressure gauge--capacity verified by weight. 3-8 ft. maximum effective range. Extinguishes by cooling burning materials. Effectiveness decreases as temperature of burning material increases. Class “B” or “C” fires TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

16. 4.5 & 6 KG. of stored pressure Dry chemical extinguishing agent , ammonium phosphate(8-20 to 30 sec. discharge time, or depend on ratings). 5-30 ft. maximum effective range or (defend on size) Extinguishes by smothering and isolate the fuel from air. Class “A”, “B”, and “C” fires. TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS DRY CHEMICAL (multipurpose)

17. It’s easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher if you remember the acronym PASS : How to Use a Fire Extinguisher P ull A im S queeze S weep

18. This will allow you to discharge the extinguisher How to Use a Fire Extinguisher P ull the pin…

19. Hit the fuel. If you aim at the flames the extinguishing agent will fly right through and do no good. How to Use a Fire Extinguisher A im at the base of the fire…

20. This depresses a button that releases the pressurized extinguishing agent. How to Use a Fire Extinguisher S queeze the top handle…

21. .. until the fire is completely out. Start using the extinguisher from a safe distance away, then slowly move forward. Once the fire is out, keep an eye on the area in case it re-ignites. How to Use a Fire Extinguisher S weep from side to side…

22. The final rule is to always position yourself with an exit or means of escape at your back before you attempt to use an extinguisher to put out a fire. RULES FOR FIREFIGHTING In case the extinguisher malfunctions, or something unexpected happens, you need to be able to get out quickly. You don’t want to become trapped.

23. FIRE ACTION PLAN KNOW YOUR ACRONYM R.A.C.E. KNOW YOUR CODE “RED” ACTIVATION. KNOW YOUR MANUAL CALL POINT. KNOW YOUR NEAREST EXIT ROUTE. KNOW THE LOCATION OF YOUR FIRE EXTINGUISHER. KNOW YOUR BUILDING ASSEMBLY POINT OUTSIDE IF GENERAL EVACUATION BECOMES NECESSARY

24. FIRE ACTION PLAN R . A . C . E . DO NOT PANIC ! RESCUE The patient/person from immediate danger. ACTIVATE FIRE ALARM Call " 66 " / to activate code “ RED ” ; specify, - Your Name and ID Number (if applicable); - Exact location of the fire (Ground Floor rm. 09) - Don't hang up first until the operator hang up their phone CONFINE by closing ALL DOORS, but make sure no one left behind and DON'T LOCK the door also. EXTINGUISH The fire if possible/ if safe to do so or EVACUATE SAFELY

25. The control Room staff shall: Announce on the hospital wide paging system "Code Red" and the location of the fire. This shall be repeated three times. Page the fire and rescue team through Bravo phones and will notify civil defense if necessary by Executive Dir. The security Officer and Safety Officer will take control of the situation and report to the site. An evacuation plan (within the hospital to the safe areas or outside the hospital at the assembly points) might be activated. There are assembly points designated with signage. Order partial or full evacuation by announcing code orange by call center through Executive Dir. Security staff will guide the civil defense appropriately if called upon. If fire is controlled, security officer or safety officer will inform the call center to announce termination of code red.

26. FIRE SAFETY COMPONENTS Healthcare facilities have built-in devices to protect us from fire such as sprinklers and smoke detectors. The doors and walls are designed to prevent the spread of fire. Evacuation plans must be located throughout the facility. Evaluation plan BUILDING COMPONENTS SMOKE AND HEAT DETECTORS FIRE EQUIPMENT MANUAL CALL POINT

27. Fire Hose Cabinet with Dry Chemical Fire Extinguisher

28. Fire Evacuation Plan

29. ASSEMBLY POINTS

30. Evacuation Evacuation will be ordered if: - The fire cannot be controlled, or patients, visitors and employees are in immediate danger. Three types of evacuation: - Horizontal - Evacuation through smoke/fire barrier doors to a safe area on the same floor. - Vertical - Evacuation of all occupants on a floor to another safe floor. - Complete- Evacuation of all occupants in all floors to ground level to fire evacuation assembly point. Evacuate patients nearest the fire first. If leaving the floor, evacuate patients in the following order: - Ambulatory patients - Wheelchair patients - Bedfast patients

31. MEDICAL GAS ISOLATION VALVE MUST BE LABEL WITH LOCATION IT SUPPLIED MUST HAVE EMERGENCY INSTRUCTION CBAHI/JCI STANDARDS

32. EMERGENCY SHUT OFF INSTRUCTION Check and make sure no patient connected to gases or oxygen. Push the emergency lock. Open the panel & closed the valve. Note : charge nurse/team leader, authorized staff, biomed coordinated with charge nurse as per policy.

33. A ctual fire situation Find best escape method and act immediately. Remember: superheated gases tend to go close to the ceiling while toxic gases are close to the floor. Safe breathing zone is 1 to 3 feet above the floor. “Baby Crawl”, take caution on hot doors, escape to the nearest route until you get to safe area. What you can do:

34. A ctual fire situation In opening doors, take caution on possible BACKDRAFT Wet blankets, clothing, etc. may serve as make-shift respirators for closing gaps or for extinguishing small fires. Staying in bathrooms has been proven not to save lives. During fires, DON’T USE ELEVATORS!! FURTHER REMEMBER:

35. RESOURCES National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) HMG/RYN/FMS POLICY

36. “Fire Prevention Save Lives & Millions Worth of Properties"

37. Any questions? Thank you!