First aid in fracture in ENGLISH

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1. By – SURESH KUMAR ( Nursing Tutor ) TO WATCH THIS SLIDE WITH VOICE EXPALINATION AS VIDEO PLEASE VISIT MY CHANNEL “MY STUDENT SUPPORT SYSTEM” IN ENGLISH FIRST AID IN FRACTURS

2. FRACTURE A fracture is the medical term for a broken bone. It is defined as a break in continuity of the bone tissue .

3. CAUSES OF FRACTURE ….. There are three common causes of bone fractures: Trauma Medical conditions Overuse injuries

4. Trauma : This includes direct force such as falls, twisting injuries, sports injuries, car accidents, or even fights. Indirect force such as fracture of clavicle after falling on stretched hand. Or sometimes due to strong muscular action .

5. Medical conditions- This includes osteoporosis, infections, osteogenesis imperfecta , chronic steroid use, or tumors that occur in bones . Due to these disorders bone may become weak and bone may break easily.

6. Overuse injuries Commonly seen in athletes, stress fractures (non-displaced hairline cracks in bone) result from repetitive motions and repeated stresses on the bone.

7. TYPES (CLASSIFICATION) OF FRACTURE- There are 7 types of fractures Simple fracture/closed fracture Compound fracture/open fracture Complicated fracture Comminuted fracture Impacted fracture Greenstick fracture Depressed fracture

8. Simple fracture/closed fracture When bone is fractured but there is no damage or injury to the tissue adjescent to the bone and skin is intact than this type of fracture is known as simple or closesd fracture. It can be transverse spiral or fissuresd .

9. Compound fracture/open fracture When fracture is associated with skin breakdown or wound formation which may lead to infection than it is known as compound or open fracture.

10. Complicated fracture When fracture is associated with injury to and vital/important organ such as brain, spinal cord, lung, liver, spleen, and kidney etc. and is associated with dislocation from a joint above or bellow of the fracture site, than it is known as complicated fracture.

11. Comminuted fracture When fracture results in multiple fragments of bone than it is known as comminuted fracture.

12. Impacted fracture When fractured parts of bones are driven into each other due to force than it is known as impacted fracture.

13. Greenstick fracture When the fracture is only at one side of the bone while another side is intact than this is known as greenstick fracture. It occur normally in children bellow 12 years of age.

14. Depressed fracture When the Brocken bone driven inwards than it is known as depressed fracture. Normally it is seen in skull fractures.

15. Sign and symptoms of fracture Swelling or bruising over a bone part. Tenderness or discomfort is felt on applying pressure to the affected part . Deformity of an arm or leg Crepitus may be felt in some cases. An inability to bear weight on the affected foot, ankle, or leg Loss of function in the injured area In open fracture, bone protruding from the skin

16. First aid in fracture Do not move unnecessarily :  client should not be moved from the spot until the fractured part is immobilized or unless the life is in immediate danger or medical help arrived. Stop any bleeding:  If they’re bleeding, elevate and apply pressure to the wound using a sterile bandage, a clean cloth, or a clean piece of clothing.

17. First aid in fracture Immobilize the injured area:  If you suspect they’ve broken a bone in their neck or back, help them stay as still as possible. If you suspect they’ve broken a bone in one of their limbs, immobilize the area using a splint or sling. While applying splint we should take care that splint should be long enough to immobilize the joint above and below the fracture and should be sufficiently firm and wide. It should be well padded so that skin injury can be prevented. If proper splint is not available than we can use any available material such as umbrella, walking stick, broom piece of wood or cardboard.

18. Splinting-

19. First aid in fracture Apply cold to the area:  Wrap an ice pack or bag of ice cubes in a piece of cloth and apply it to the injured area for up to 10 minutes at a time. Treat them for shock:  Help them get into a comfortable position, encourage them to rest, and reassure them. Cover them with a blanket or clothing to keep them warm. Get professional help:  Call 112 or help them get to the emergency department for professional care . The client should be transferred to the hospital as early as possible

20. First aid in fracture First aid in special case :   If skull is fractured client should not be moved as it may harm brain. Do not give anything to eat or drink and maintain same position while transporting. This principle is also applied while providing first aid in fracture of cervical vertebrae. If spine fracture is suspected than client should be kept in spine position of flat hard surface . and transported to hospital as early as possible.

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