first aid in livestock a presentation .ppt

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1. First aid of farm animals
InallofthesecasesaVeterinarianshouldbeconsultedimmediately.
Thedescribedsituationsdonotincludeemergenciesthatcanoccur
whenananimalisnotproperlyvaccinated.
Injuredanimalsmustbehandledwithcautionafterapplyingmuzzle
astheymaysnaporbiteoutoffearandpain.
Neverusehumanmedicineonanimalsunlessrecommendedbya
veterinarian(aspirincanbefataltocats).
Firstaidtreatmentisbasedonthreeaimsi.e.
Topreservelife
Topreventsufferingand
Topreventthesituationdeteriorating
Thefourrulesoffirstaidare
Don’tpanic
Maintaintheairway
Controlthehemorrhages
ContacttheVeterinarianassoonaspossible

2. First aid and injured animal
Theairwaymustbecheckedandcleanifnecessary.
Hemorrhagemustbecontrolled.
Fracturesshouldbeimmobilizedwiththesplintsofdressing.
Ifpossiblewoundshouldbedressed.
Firstaidtreatmentofopenwoundsandabrasions
Arresthaemorrhage
Preventshockand
Preventsepsis

3. Treatment of contusion
Coldcompressesshouldbeappliedimmediatelytocause
vasoconstrictioninthedamagedarea.
Firmbandagingwillincreasesthebackpressure,control
haemorrhageandlimitswelling.
Haematomas(Bloodclot)
Bandagetheaffectedareafirmlyassoonaspossible,applyfirm
pressurewithacoldcompressifbandagingisimpractical.
Oncetheareaisswollen,surgicalinterventionmaybenecessaryto
drainthebloodcloteg.Haematomaoftheearflap.
Heatburnsandscald
Coolthedamagedareaasquicklyaspossible.
Keepthepatientwarm,oncetheinitialcoolingtreatmentis
complete.
Dressthewound.
Splintingtolimitmovementifnecessary.
Preparingintravenousdrips.

4. Cont…
Epistaxis(Bleedingfromthenose)
Coldcompressesappliedexternallytothenosewillhelptocontrol
thehaemorrhage,reducesofttissueswellingandalleviatepain
Lungs
Restisessentialandtheanimalbeallowedtoassumetheposition
whichitfindmostcomfortable.
Artificialrespiration
Itshouldbeappliedimmediatelyafteranimalhasstopped
breathing.
Mouth-to-mouthrespiration:Cleartheanimal’smouthfromany
foreignobjects,holditcloseandblowintoitsnostrils,12-15
times/minute.Waitandrepeataslongasnecessary.
Birth
Ifitisbornwiththemembranearounditstillintactandthemother
doesnotremovethemdoquickly.Ifabowlofwarmwaterandthenin
coldwater(headabovewater),orholditbyitshindlegsandswing
slightlyforafewseconds,orapplyartificialrespiration.Thengiveit
backtothemothertolickit.

5. Bleeding
Externalbleeding
Holdacoldwatercompressagainstthewoundwithasmuch
pressureaspossible;thenapplyanabsorbentbandageadrepeatif
bleedingdoesnotstop.(Onecan,determinewhetherthebleedingis
formanarteryorfromavein.
Ifthebloodcomesinapumpingwayandbrightred,thenitis
fromanartery,andyouapplythetourniquetabovethewound,but
ifthebloodisflowingregularlyandisdarkred,itiscomingfroma
veinandapplythetourniquetbelowthewound.
Forheavybleedingfromthelegs,applyatourniquetreleasing
every1minforafewseconds,andafter10oncompletelytoseeif
bleedinghasstopped.Tieaclothabovethewound;insertapencil
betweenthetieandtwisttotighten.
Internalbleeding
Signs:Bloodfromthemouthorrectumtogetherwithvomiting,
stateofshock,veryrapidbutweakpulsemaybeduetointernal
bleeding.
Don’twastetime,taketheanimaltotheveterinarian.

6. Bloat
Bloat(Accumulationofgasinthestomach,mainlyindogs)
Signs
Suddenswellingandhardeningoftheabdomenintheflank
withexcessivepassingofgas,obviouspain,happensmainlyto
largebreedswhentheyaretooactivejustafteralargemealand
needsimmediatelyveterinarycare.
Bloodinvomit
Don’tfeedtheanimalandtakeintoimmediatelytothe
veterinarian.
Brokenbacksigns
Thecatordogsunabletomoveitshindlegsandfeelpain
belowtheaffectedportionoftheback(noresponseifyoupinthe
toefirmly).Don’tmovetheanimal,justkeepitwarmuntilthe
veterinarianarrives.
Brokenbones
Touchormoveabrokenboneaslittleaspossible.Keepthe
animalwarmandcomfortable.

7. Choking, drowning and electric shock
Choking
Ifforeignobjectisstuckinthethroat,trytogetitoutwith
yourfingersoralongspoon.Holdthetonguedownwitha
handkerchiefifnecessary.
Ifthecatordogbecomesunconscious,clearthethroatand
giveartificialrespiration.
Drowning
Taketheanimalpourofthewaterquickly.Ifitisunconscious,
layitonitssideandopenitsmouth,tongueout,andcheckthat
nothingisobstructingthewindpipe.
Iftheanimalstilldoesn’tbreath,administerartificial
respiration.
Electricshock
Donottouchtheanimalbeforeyouhaveswitchedoffthe
electricity.Ifyouareunabletoturntheelectricityoff,pushthe
catordogawayfromtheelectricflex.
Ifitdoesn’tregionconsciousness,administerartificial
respiration.

8. Cont…
Fits:Signs
Screaming,salivationuncontrolledmovement,falling,foaming
fromthemouth.
Darkentheroomandlefttheanimalgetoverit.
Tocatchcatinthisstage,throwablanketoveritandgrabit.
Heatstroke
Neverleaveyourpetinthecarparkedinthesun.Ifyouseean
animallockedinacarobviouslyinseriousdistress,trytocontact
theownerofthecarandrelivethepetfromdistress.
Moveittoacoolplaceandgivesmallamountsofwater
frequently.Coolitbyapplyingacoldwettowelonitsbody,
mainlyontheheadandchest.Mixaspoonfulofglucose(or
sugar)intothedrinkingwater.
Hypothermia
Ananimalleftintheextremecoldcanhaveitsbody
temperaturedropdangerouslylow.Coverit,letitbuildupitsown
bodyheat,andnevergiveanyalcohol.

9. Cont…
Injuriestoabdomen
Touchthewoundaslittleaspossible.Cleanthewoundby
pouringclean(boiledandcooled)watergentlyoverthewound.If
portionsoftheintestinespushoutgentlypushthembackthrough
thewound,andbandage.Treatforshockifnecessary.
Middleearinfection
Signofanacuteform:headconstantlyheldononeside,lossof
balance.Thisisveryseriousgoimmediatelytotheveterinarian.
Milkfever
Occursmainlyinbitchesthatjusthadlargelitters,usuallyabout
5-6weeksafterbirth
Signs:Restlessness,rapidbreathing,lossofcoordination,high
temperature.Orphanedkittensandpuppiesupto4weeks,and
thenevery2hoursusingdropperorfeedingbottle).
Iftheydevelopdiarrhea,givewarmboiledwaterwithapinchof
glucoseinsteadofthemilksupplement.Between5-8weeksstart
withsoftsolidfood3timesdaily.

10. Cont…
Poisoningsigns
Convulsions,lossofcoordination,salivation,musculartwitches,
diarrhoea,vomiting,painshortnessofbreath,trembling.
Ifyouaresurethatyouranimalhasnoteatenanythingcorrosive
(acid,lead,etc)andisnotinshockorunconscious,inducevomiting
withinanhourbyforcefeeding1-3spoonfulsoftablesalt(depending
onsizeofanimal).
Roadaccident
Removetheinjuredcatordogfromthestreetbyliftingitcarefully
withouttwistingthebodyorapplyingpressureonit.
Ifthereareindicationsthatthebackisbroken,donotmovethe
animalatall.Lieitonitsside,makesurethatnothingisobstructing
breathingandkeepitsmouthopen.
Shock(Collapse)
Signs:Headshouldbelowerthanthebodytoallowbloodtoreach
thebrain.Keeptheanimalwarmbywrappingitinablanketandkeep
itasquietaspossibleuntiltheveterinarianarrives.
Ifnecessary,amaintainbreathingmanuallybylayingitonitsside
andapplyingpressuretothesamesideformorethan10-15min.

11. Cont…
Snakebites
Iftheanimalisbittenbyapoisonoussnake,inducebleeding
atthesiteandkeepitwarmandcalmuntilyoucangetittothe
veterinarian.
Ifyouaresurethebiteisbyanon-poisonoussnake,reduce
swellingbyapplyingicepacks.
Sprainsandstrains
Signs:swellingaroundjointsormuscles.Applyalternating
hotandcoldcompressesovertheswellinguntilitgoesdown.
Swelling
Swellinginthethroatoronthetongueisdangerousbecause
itobstructsbreathing.
Vomiting
Ifyourpetdrinksexcessivelyandvomitsatthesame,time,
takeitswaterawayandbringitmosturgentlytothe
veterinarian.

12. Cont…
Wounds
Firstcontrolthebleeding,thenwashgentlywithsoapand
warmwater.
Bandagethewoundfirmly,butnotsotightlyastostop
circulation,andstickthebandageendwithataperatherthan
usingapin.
Prolapseoftherectum
Thisconditioninvolvesaprotrusionoftherectumthrough
analopening.Moistenandlubricatetheprolapsedtissuewith
warmnormalsalinesolution.
Thiswillhelptorehydratethemucosa,followedbyliquid
paraffintolubricatethetissueandpreventfromdryingout
again.
Reducetheprolapsedmassbygentlepressure.Analgesic,
suppositorymaybeinsertedtopreventfurtherstraining.Patient
willhavetobekeptunderconstantobservation.