fish disease and treatment

Fish disease and treatment by bhukya saikumar MSc fisheries of Government Degree pg college Autonomous -Siddipet, Telangana India 502103

1. GOVERNMENT DEGREE & PG COLLEGE (A) SIDDIPET FISH DISEASES & TREATMENT PRESENTED BY BHUKYA SAIKUMAR MSC FISHERIES Department of MSc Fisheries

2. Introduction : Fish disease , in various forms have been tormenting the aquaculture ever since man learned the art of fish husbandry The stability of a fish population in a particular habit is very often disputed by various factors viz., disease, habitat destruction depletion of resources Environmental change and fluctuations in water quality parameters are also resulting illness to the fish It should be understood that fish suffer from many diseases, of which from causative point of view they are classified as follows Fish disease is a disorder of structure or function in a fish one of that has a known cause and a distinctive group of symptoms signs or anatomical changes

3. Fish diseases (a) fungal (b) Bacterial Dermatomycosis Branchiomycosis Dropsy Ulcer Fin & tail rot columnaris Tuberculosis (Tb) Cotton mouth (c) viral Spring viremia of carp Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) (d) parasitic velvet leeches Nematodes (e) protozoan whirling Ichthyophthiriusis (f) Crustacean disease Lemaeosis Ergasilosis ( g) Miscellaneous Argulosis Piscicolosis Red spot

4. (a) Fungal diseases Symptoms Treatment Appearance of fine hair like tuffs hanging from the infected areas. The fine become eroded and hemorrhagic at the latter stage of disease infected eggs tend to stick together and finally die. use copper solution (cuso4), potassium permanganate (kmno3) at the dose of 1g per 10 l of water for 30 minutes ( repeat this for every 10-12 hours for 10 days ) 1.Dermatomycosis

5. 2. Branchiomycosis Symptoms Treatment The disease Is seen in the blood vessels of the gill tissue,and it obstructs the circulation of blood through the gills, which makes the gills lose their bright red colour Infected fish can be treated eith malachite green at 0.1mg/1 for extended periods of time or 0.3mg/l for 12 hours Ponds with enzootic branchiomycosis should be dries and treated with calcium oxide or 2-3 kg copper sulphate per hectare

6. (b) Bacterial 1.Dropsy Symptoms Treatment It is caused by pseudomonas punctata Accumulation of body fluid/water in the body cavity or in sacle pockets,scales become loose , abdomen bluged largerly and pressing on it water comes out through the mouth. Its possibly the hardest internal bacterial infection to cure There are some medications available such as pencillin,tetracyclin and nalidixic acid.

7. 2.Cotton mouth Symptoms Treatment It is caused by chondrococcus columnaris It shows up first as a gray or white line around the lips and later as short tufts sprouting from the mouth like fungus Change the 20% water daily , use regular dosage of salt 1:1000 ppt kmo4 @ 3 times a day Cuso4 bathing 2 times a day up to one week

8. 3. Fin & tail rot Symptoms Treatment White line appears in margin of the fin and spreads to all parts of the body 1,2000 parts of cus04 for 1-2 mins Painting/intense application the affected part by cus04 also helps

9. 4. Tuberculosis (Tb) symptoms Treatment It is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis & mycobacterium piscium Loss of scales , loss of colour , lesions on the body , wasting , and skeletal deformities such as curved spines Fish can be treated with the same drugs as humans get when they become infected by mycobacterium marnium e.g. ; kanamycin. This is a very resilient microbe , normal treatment involve administrating at least two different medication over the course at least 3 months

10. 5. Ulcer Symptoms Treatment Sores and ulcer appear in the body , increases in size gradually expose the muscles Wounds appear on the body Badly infected fish removed from pond 1:1000 parts of kmno4 applied in pond 1:2000 parts of cuso4 dip treatment for 1 min for 3-4 days

11. 6.Columnaris Symptoms Treatment It is caused by fexibacteria White spots on mouth, edges of scales , and fins Cottony growth that eats away the mouth Fish disintegrate beginning at the edges Fungus often invades the affected skin Change water Vacuum gravel Ad aquarium salt Treat with copper sulfate or antibiotic Discontinue carbon filtration during treatment

12. (c) Viral 1.Spring viremia of carp Symptoms Treatment Caused by rhabdovirus Carpio Darkening the skin , swollen abdomen , exophthalmia(pop eye) Hemorrhages in the skin , gills , swimbladder, and inflammation of the intestines Not specific First stage can be cured by titration by kmo4 bath thrice a day Final stage cant cured better to eliminate from pond

13. 2. Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) Symptoms Treatment These include pale gills, dark body , ascites , exophthalmos and in some cases an intermittent period of erratic spiraling behavior and rapid respiration As with many viral diseases of fish there is no specific treatment or cure of VHS

14. 3. Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) Symptoms Treatment The first sign of a typical IPN is epizootic is a sudden increase in mortality . The affected individuals swim in a rotating manner about their long axis There is no effective medicine. Use of iodine may be useful

15. (d) Parasitic 1. velvet Symptoms Treatment Is caused by dinoflagellate parasite of the genera amyloodinium Infected fish is known to flash The disease gives infected organisms a dusty brownish color . The disease occurs most commonly in tropical fish Sodium chloride is believed to mitigate the reproduction of velvet sufficient for the complete eradication of an out break

16. 2. Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) Symptoms Treatment Lethargy is the first thing that you may notice among the fish . They might also stay aloof from other fish Fish rub themselves against the walls of the aquarium to get rid of the lice and leeches Fishes loose the shine on their body and look extremely pale. You will find redness and inflammation on the affected area A tropical ointment can be used to treat the infection You can pull the leeches with the help of tweezers Salt bath to the fish to kill the germs and easy remove of the leeches

17. 3. Nematodes Symptoms Treatment Visible signs of infection may include hemorrhaging , external lumps or nodules , inflammation , and necrosis and cyst or granulomas The mechanical removal , there is no effective treatment for these nematodes due to the location of the larvae within the coelomic cavity or in the muscle

18. (e) Protozoan 1.whirling Symptoms Treatment Caused by myxobolus cerebralis Damaging cartilage ,whirling disease can kill young fish directly , or cause infected fish to swim in an uncontrolled whirling motion In water sheds where myxobolus cerebralis is present in wild populations, there is currently no cure or means to eradicate it .

19. 2. Ichthyophthiriusis Symptoms Treatment Caused by icthyophthirius multifilis Small white spots resembling sand Fish scratch against rock and gravels In advanced stages fish become lethargic Redness or bloody streaks in advanced stages Raise water temperature Medicate for 10-14 days Reduce medication when treating scaleless fish Discontinue carbon filtration during treatment Perform water changes between treatments

20. (f) Crustacean disease 1.Lemaeosis Symptoms Treatment caused by anchor worm , buried deep in host tissue , rubbing against pond dykes or even bottom, becomes lethargic Gammaxine @1ppm application in the pond

21. 2. Ergasilosis Symptoms Treatment Irritation in gills and fins During this fish losses scales due to itching it rubs to the rocks and pebbels Gills become pale Fins become weaker and fish appears inactive 5% common salt bath to the affected fishes

22. (g)Miscellaneous 1. Argulosis Symptoms Treatment Parasite visible on gills and body surface Removal of eggs of argulas by hanging corrugated sheets in water and removing them and drying after a week to kill eggs Installing of casurina plants in a culture pond.

23. References : Fish pathology by Ronald j. Roberts www.lkouniv.ac.in John Hoenig Virginia Institute of Marine Science · Department of Fisheries Science PhD Krishi Mala My aquarium.br dkphoto.photoseller.com www.picstopin.com www.lalaukhan.com Modelst fish.com Thegolden fishbowl.co.uk www.aqua.ugent.be Veteriankey.com www.nps.gov www.diction.id www.thesprucepets.com www.apikheti.com Fish pathogens.net Rheareview.com

24. Thank You