FISH FEED FORMULATION & PROCESSING.

FISH FEED FORMULATION & PROCESSING.

1. TITLE: FEED FORMULATION & PROCESSING. Prepared by: Miss. Sadiya Farooq . SKUAST-KASHMIR.        

2. FORMULATION & PROCESSING: Feed formulation and processing is the phenomenon of combining feed ingredients to form a mixture meet the specific goals of production.

3. FEED FORMULATION: A diet may be formulated to supplement natural foods already available in the production system or as a complete formulation when no other foods are provided. A complete diet must be nutritionally balanced, palatable, water stable, and have the proper size and texture.

4. Continued... While formulating a feed some points to be taken into consideration are (1) a location-specific list of ingredients available for use in the feed and their costs; (2) nutrient contents for each of the ingredients; (3) nutritional requirements of the species in terms of minimum, maximum, or exact quantities needed; and (4) any physical or non-nutritive limitation that might be imposed because of ingredient characteristics, limitation of supply, effects on feed mixture, toxic factors, and ability of feed to be pelleted .

5. FEED PROCESSING: Feed processing usually means  altering the physical (and sometimes chemical) nature of feed commodities  to optimise utilisation by animals and to enhance mixing and stability of the diet.

6. Procedure Specification Selection Select all the appropr iate feed ingredients for processing. Weighing Weigh raw ingredients for accurate amount of different nutrients. Grinding Grind the mixture to obtain homogenous mixture of specific particle size to improve digestibility, pallatibilty and water stability of the feed. Mixing and homogenising Mix the ingredients with hot water and add binders except, vitamin mixture as it is heat sensitive. Knead the dough well. Autoclaving The dough i s then wrapped in silver foil and autoclaved for 20 min at 110 – 120°C temperature to make it free from microorganisms .

7. MIXING THE INGREDIENTS. AUTOCLAVING FIGURES- PERFORMING VARIOUS STEPS INVOLVED IN FEED PROCESSING.

8. Addition of vitamin and minerals After autoclaving, the feed mixture is allowed to cool after which the pre-weighed vitamin and mineral mixture is added and mixed well . Pelleting In this process the prepared feed mix is allowed to pass through the extruder for preparing the feed pellet s. Drying The pellets are appropriately dried as per the requirements. Packaging After drying the final feed product can be packed in HDPE Bags. Storage Store the feed bags in a clean place that is free from pests and insects. Air circulation must be maintaine d. Bags of feed should b e printed with date of manufacturing.

9. PELLETING USING A PELLITIZER.

10. FULLY PREPARED FEED.

11. CONCLUSION: Exploration and identification of alternate indigenous feed resources, their nutrients analysis, amelioration of anti-nutritional factors there in and formulation of region specific, cost effective farm-made feeds can reduce the feed costs and minimise future feed demands from aquaculture.

12. THANKYOU!