Flood hazards in india

Flood hazards in India with special reference to Uttarakhand and Chennai flood.

1. Flood Hazards In India Topic : Nature & Pattern of flood Hazards in India With Special Reference to Flood in Uttarakhand And Chennai Presented by:- Manjit Das 1 st Semester, Centre for Studies in Geography, Dibrugarh University

2. INTRODUCTION What is Flood? A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land which is usually dry. What is flash flood ? A flash is rapid flooding of geomorphic low lying area. Its mainly due to collapse of natural ice or debris dam

3. Indian flood hazards Floods are the most common natural disaster in India. The heavy south west monsoon rain cause the Himalayan river basin distend their banks, often flooding surrounding areas. It results heavy losses both economic and lives

4. History of Indian Flood hazards In October 1943, Madras (Now Chennai) – flood occurred due to excessive rain that continued 6 days and overflow Coovum and Adhyar river 4 th august 1979, the Machchu-2 dam situated on the Machchu river burst, thus flooding the town of Morbi in the Rajkot district in Gujarat. In this flood about 1800 to 2500 people lost their lives. 1987, Bihar flood occurred due to over flow of the Koshi river, which claimed life of 1399 human, 302 animals and public property worth INR Rs. 68 billion 26 July 2005, Mumbai receive 994 mm rainfall in a day. It cause a huge flood killed at least 5000 people and property loss was estimated at Rs. 540cr June 2015 Gujarat flood, wide spread flood in North Gujarat resulting more than 70 deaths. 2016 Assam Flood: heavy rain in July last resulted in flood effected 1.8 million people and flooding the kajiranga national park killing around 200 wild animals .

5. Causes of Flood in India Heavy precipitation Rise in river bed Silting in delta areas Deforestation Cloud burst rapid melting of snow and ice in mountain area Glacial lake out burst in the high Himalaya

6. Flood Prone Region in India The basin of Himalayan rivers. E.g.- Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam etc North Western river basin. The central peninsula river basin like Godavari, Krishna, pennar and, Cauvery river basin

7. Overview of Uttarakhand Uttarakhand has a total land area of 53,584sqkm of which 94% is mountaneous . Most of the area is covered by himalayan peaks and glaciers. Two major rivers( Ganga and yamuna ) originate from the glaciers of uttarakhand Uttarakhand Flood

8. Flooding In Uttarakhand From 15 to 18 June 2013, Indian state of Uttarakhand and adjoining area received heavy rainfall, which was about 375 percent more than the benchmark rainfall during a normal monsoon. 16 th and 17 th June,2013 The Day of Destruction happened in history of UTTRAKHAND

9. The massive rainfall and cloud burst events were happening at multiple places, including in Bhagirathi basin, Assiganga basin, Mandakini Basin, Badrinath region, other places in Alaknanda region from 15 June 2013 to around 18 June 2013. This lead to melting of  Chorabari Glacier at the height of 3800 metres , and eruption of the  Mandakini River which led to heavy floods near  Kedar Dome,  Rudraprayag district, Uttarakhand , Himachal Pradesh.

10. Causes Of The Disaster Melting of glaciers, because of global warming has been of the reasons. Pollution and global warming accounted for the melting of glaciers Violation of environmental laws and deforestation has also accounted for floods. Building of hydro electricity plants and increase in the infrastructural facilities have weaken the mountain causing land slides. Huge expansion of hydroelectricity and multipurpose projects.

11. Human & Economic Loss In The Disaster According to the official records 400 houses were destroyed and 265 were damaged 4,200 villages were victims of the floods 6,000 people were dead,10,000 were injured and 1,00,000 were stuck in the valley Human Loss Economic Loss Major roads, telephone towers were destroyed due to which communication with the outer world was lost. 20,000 crores loss was reported, which may be in the form of destruction of houses roads ,cars etc . Tourism constitutes about 30% of the state’s income which was lost All the shops and hotels were destroyed and all roads were broken

12. Chennai Flood The 2015 Chennai flood resulted from heavy rainfall of annual northeast monsoon in November–December 2015. The flooding has been attributed to the El Niño phenomenon.

13. THE STATISTICS OF RAINFALL IN CHENNAI

14. Causes Of Chennai Flood The first and foremost reason for such a disaster might be the NORTHEAST MONSOON El Niño RAIN. But it is not the root cause for such flood in a metropolitan city like CHENNAI. There are many other man made reasons for it, and one of it turns to be our people’s ignorance and negligence towards the environmental awareness.

15. Human & Economic loss More than 400 people were killed  and over 18  lakh people were displaced. With estimates of damages and losses ranging from ₹50000  crore  (US$7 billion) to ₹100000  crore (US$15 billion )

16. Measure To Reduce The Intensity Of Such Disaster Protecting the environment can only be the way to reduce the risk of such disasters Putting cap on number of tourists may be a solution, which reduces the construction of hotels, expansion of roads. Keeping a check on illegal constructions and on deforestation.

17. Using latest equipments to predict the probability of rains Alerting and transferring people to safe zones at proper time. Training the people on how to take basic safety measures.

18. Conclusion In our eagerness to create we have destroyed the natural safe guards that have been in place for thousands of years and this will be every expensive for us

19. Reference Internet links: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_disasters_in_India https://books.google.co.in/books https://www.reference.com/science/definition-flash-flood-e6839d0952d7ea1e# http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/uttarakhand-flash-flood-cloudburst-chamoli-alaknanda/1/705132.html http://www.slideshare.net/

20. Thank You