Flowers

1. Flowers

2. Floral Parts
A flower contains four sets
of parts arranged in whorls
on the receptacle the
swollen tip of the pedicel
Accessory parts
1. Sepal (calyx)
- protects the inner part of
flower
- prevents dessication
2. petal (corolla)
- most noticeable portion
- different colors
Perianth – calyx and
corolla

3. Essential Parts:
1. Stamen (androecium)
- male gametophyte
a. pollen
b. anther
c. filament
2. Carpel (gynoecium)
- female reproductive leaf
and ovule bearing structure
of a flower
a. ovary
- swollen basal part
b. stigma
c. style (tube like structure)

4. Modified stem:
- receptacle or
peduncle (floral stalk)

6. Floral Variations:
1. Parts present
a. Complete
- flowers with four
modified leaves
(petal, sepal, stamen
and carpel
b. Incomplete
- lacks any of the
modified leaves
Rue anemone with 5-10
sepals but no petals

7. 2. Sexuality
a. Perfect
- bisexual or
hermaproditic
- carpel and stamen
- animal pollinated
b. Imperfect
- unisexual
- carpel or stamen
- wind pollinated

8. Two types of imperfect flower:
1. pistillate
– female flower
2. staminate
– male flower

9. As to distribution of imperfect
flowers plants can be:
a. Monoecious
- plant with both
imperfect flowers

10. b. Dioecious
- imperfect flowers
are borne in separate
plants

11. c. Polygamous
- perfect and
imperfect flowers
are found in the
same plant

12. 3. Number of flower parts
a. Dicotyledonous
- flower parts in 4’s
and 5’s or divisible by
4 or 5
ex. magnolia
b. Monocotyledonous
- flower parts are in 3’s
or divisible by 3’s
Patersonia

13. 4. Nature of flowers
a. Regular
- modified leaves are of
the same size and shape
b. Irregular
- modified leaves are
different in size and
shape

14. Broom (Cytisus
scoparius)
Irregular Flowers:
1.Papilionaceous
a. standard/banner
- largest outermost showy
petal
b. wings or alae
- two lateral petals
c. keel or carina
- innermost petals
ex. blue pea

16. 2. Caesalpinaceous
- flower consists of 5
petals
a. banner
- smallest innermost
petal
b. 2 wings
c. 2 keels same
size and
shape
ex. caballero

17. 3. Bilabiate (2- lipped)
- petals are partially
united
-partially united petals
form the upper and
lower lips
ex. sky flower

18. 4. Orchidaceous
- flower has 3 petals
labellum – petal
which is entirely
different in size and
shape

19. 5.Symmetry of flowers
a. Actinomorphic
- radial symmetry
- flowers can be divided
into 2 equal halves
along any plane
b. Zygomorphic
- bilateral symmetry
- divided into 2 equal
halves only by a medial
cut through the central
axis

20. 6. Position of the ovary
a. Superior ovary
- petals and sepals
inserted below the ovary
- hypogynous
b. Inferior ovary
- petals and sepals
inserted above the ovary
- epigynous
ovary

23. 7. Placentation
placenta
- tissue where ovules are
attached inside the ovary

placentation
- arrangement of placenta in
the ovary
locule
- chamber

24. a. axile placentation
b. parietal placentation
c. free central
d. basal placentation

25. Inflorescence or Anthotaxy
-Flower clusters
-differ in:
a. number of flowers present
b. sequence of floral maturity
c. length of the pedicel
d. number and arrangement of peduncles

26. Kinds of Inflorescence:
1.Raceme
- unbranched main axis
or peduncle
- florets mature all at
the same time
- pedicels are of the
same length
ex. gladiola, corrales

pedicel

27. 2. Panicle
- branched main axis
or peduncle
- florets mature at the
same time
ex. rice, cadena de
amor
Branched peduncle

28. 3. Spike
- elongated axis
- sessile (florets
without pedicel)
ex.Seifritz’s flower

29. 4. Ament or catkin
- special type of spike
- elongated axis
hanging or drooping
- flowers are usually
unisexual
ex. buntot pusa

30. 5. Spadix
- fleshy spike with
both male and female
flowers
- petalloid bract
(spathe)
ex. anthurium, gabi
pongapong

31. Amorphophallus titanum
The world’s largest flower
- spadix is 46 inches
tall! A rare plant of the
Indonesia rain forest

32. 6. Cyme
- inflorescence is more
or less flat or convex
- pedicels of younger
flowers at the margin
are longer than the
older flowers at the
center
ex. Shanghai beauty
santan, mayana
Younger flowers

33. 7. Corymb
- similar with chyme
- pedicels of younger
flower shorter (center)
- pedicels of older
flower longer (margin
or base)
ex. caballero

34. 8. Umbel
- axis is shorter
- pedicillate flowers
radiated from the
rounded apex of the
axis
ex. Japanese
bamboo
Simple umbel
Compound umbel

35. 9. Head or capitate
- flowers are sessile (no
pedicel)
- arrangement of flowers
similar to umbel
- flowers may be of 2 kinds:
1. disc flower
- located at the center
2. ray flower
- located at the margin
ex. sunflower, cosmos

36. 10. Fascicle
- closed cluster or
small bundle of
pedicelled or sessile
flowers on one side
of the stem
ex. abaca, false birds
of paradise