Fon essential initial notes.pdf

This slide is for everyone

1. to Fundatuental of
Nursing
Introduction 10 Nursing
e Virginia 960: was one of the first
modern nurse to defined nul sing.
She
i
' Thec .te [unction of line
01
01 ( 01
lhe
to
(death )
2/12/2021
introduction to Nursing
1. Florence Nightingale defined nearly 150
years ago as
As " the of utilizinq the environment of the
the patient to assist him lfifiS7éäTery
Nightingale, -I-EQLl.2.É.?)•
2. Nightingale considered
queit
essential for recovery.
Introcluction to Nursing
Professional nursing associations have also
examined nursing and developed their
definitions of it.
In ANA Described
as : and to
the the the
during ANA
•1973
1

2. Introduction to Nursing
In 980.ANA1qbspnged this definition-nursing to
this:
Nursing is and treatment Of
tumangesponses to actual or potenti31
ho allh p rnbl ø m
In recognizeß the
Definition oi Nurse
• Nurse is a person a who is educated and
trained to care for the sick or disabled
persons.
A nurse is a person who looksaCter Yick or
iojurec) people iri heypi(al, Clinic or in
conununily.
Introduction to Nursing
Most recent definition ANA 2003:
Nursing is the protection,promotion and
optimization of health and ablities,prevention
of illness and injury.alleviatiQfå)of suffering
through diagnosis and treatment of
human response, and advocacy
of inclividuals,families.communtitie
populations
re-ve,abm 0b i
Nursing is an art
Il is a eractical knowledge to uds_zut sQlLltion for
various nursin s.
is a-CLua.ßLi-V%d on human being with
it is an nee ds . Luu-us
qivinq care to human being based-Qin prucip.alå.
Nurse; have to interact with suiLe_rjng and dz
peoples.
VVÅLQLI.L)C.S$, sympathy, kindness and love are very
essential 10 practice lhis•LL

3. Nursing is science
• It eels with hunnan needs and The
is built upon a sysletnalic, step by
step tnelhodt letu solving called the
process for the purpose, urse study bjqlpgjgql and
soctal science including pJbt5igs, chegui>!!)', anato.my
and physiology. tnicrobiology, nuWjJi9tn, tVJeO@al and
surgical, eye. enl. 'Kin, gynecology,
PSYChology. midwifery etc.
Any Question:
References
• Thresyamma CP (2003) Fundamentals of
Nursing procedure Manuel for general
nursing and midwifery course 1 ST Edition
New Delhi India.
• Jessie D.Britten (1979) Practical Notes on
Nursing Procedures 7 th Edition Hor
Google. COM
reflées

5. FUNDAMENTAL
TO PREVENT
RESTORE ETHICAL
ILLNESS
HEALTH
RESPONSIBILITIES
ALLEVIATE
SUFFRIRG
CODE OF FOR NURSES
The nurse's to
The nurse pæ.LQAgsand u.æs the health
sa fet.y
Nurse'S obli ation to provide optimum patient care
The nurse rspg,usibiliiy to pyg.5.gyye irg9srjty and
so e
The nurse a ic• and
•rne the
PI-.-g.—5-i.9.L) e.g. develOptiiel_il,
Dtuent
The nurse coilabvcutgs with olhet• professionals
The
as rguesgnlgd by association for
tila integrity of the ug.!gysion
Purposes of nursing codes of
ethics
Inform.the
the polessiQ.n and
laeJa.tben
u.cl.etstand-p1QfessjonaL.n.urs.LQ&C9.nduct.
pp.uiße a
5.1gn-.Q.t..the-p.LQ.fessiQ.n.s commitment
To the public it serves
• Outline the major ethical consideration of the
po.f.essign
• Guide the prqfession in self regq(atipn
• provid e
Professional code of ethics
According to
1 Assi$ the client.to attain his maximum level of
health in circumstances of normal
heaft-h, iZ or in the preggsof
dyi tag.
2 Avoid any abuse of the privileged r&jionship,
which exists with the client and of the special
access allowed to his person, property,
residence or vvæQlpce.

6. Itis 01
seeking the
S the
the •t
of
by
ot by yvheje the
otUerof a court,
standards care ) ithin
satuauon.
9 Works an open and co —operative manner
With client factors his
independence and recognizes and respects
the client's Involvernent in the planning and
delive1Y uf e.
tnay their oc
• G nocognims and respect the cultural and
r.eiißtous beliernfthe client,
• 7 Recognizes and respects the
and
and res ponds inu.pjc.ne%-
to
his ethnic origin, religious beliefs, personal
attributes, the nature of his health problems or
any other factor.
International Code of Nursing Ethics
The ethics of nursing provides professional
standardsfornursineactivities which protect
the nurse and the patieot.
The international code of ethics are;
1 The fwndamental responsibilities of a nurse
are to conserve life and to promot.e health
2 A æ must be pepared to
to and be to
3

7. 3
the
8 When a
the
until a
to ju st
opus!
and
and all
5 The
conditions or symptoms to the dOQQr g
the
in charge nurse.
in
ids wetted
7 The n@sefsIØüJd
hold
11 is very important for every nurse.
•n with the
12 is in
rui@s and
13 query-nurse-must have respect for authority.-
14
is iLIP-QLtÄOt for all nurses to
10 A patier_it sLQZld always be uractfce.
narne.

8. Apply Ethics in Nursing Practice
Ethical Responsibilities of Nurse
Nurses and People
Nurses and Practice
Prevgntinw_lllness_
Nurses and Profession
Nurses and Co-Worker.
Alleviating Suffering

9. Bed Sheet:
• Ped sheet should be sufficiently long and
wide in order to tuck in well at head and foot
ends at 3 yard long 48-50 inches long.
3/2/2021
YIbspiLaL03ed.:
o The standard of hospital bed is usually (61/2
inch long, 3 wide, 26 high, Oft 3 inch) (fift Jin
by 3ft by 2ft 3inch high). Lends uniformity
facilitates treatrnent; easily made and kept
clean; patient away from ground draughts.
Castors or wheels give mobility; a brake
gives security. There are many adjustable
beds now in use e.g. Hilo beds.
Bedding:
From mattress covered Wilh plastic sheet,
pillow, draw sheet, bed spreads, blankets
and mackintosh.
fry]
Draw Sheet:
o These are used to protect the mattress under
sheet and to keep the patient dry and
com[01 table. Size 2, 1/2. yat(l long •l noctor
wide

10. Blanket:
• A large
et cloth eiten soil, woolen and
used fea
as a bed cover Top sheet
used to cover the patient 10 warrnth
Becl Making:
e Bed making mean to provide a clean and
comfortable sleeping and resting
environment for {he patient.
It is the lechniques oi preparing different
(ypes cf bed in making a patient comfortable
or his/her position suitable for a particular
condition.
Plan:
e Nursing objectives
Provide a clean environment
Promote physical c;onofoÅ
• Pronaoie psycl comf0it by providing
a neat environrnent in which the client can
receive visitors
Rubber sheet:
e Used to protect the bottom sheet from
soothing due to patient secretions and
prevent the patients from getting bedsore. It
is usually placed over the center of the
bottom sheet.
Assessment:
• Assess the physical condition of the client to
determine the amount of mobility.
e Determine how many types of linen will be
required.
Check physician's order to learn if there are
medical reasons of the patients remaining in
bed.
Client preparation:
e The client should be bathed before the
occupied bed is made.
e All equipments at hand prior to beginning.
Explain the procedure to the patient.
e Provide privacy for the patient.

11. Equiptnents:
Chair 0!' table
Linen
hannpec
Ltnen (tn order of use)
•
Mattress
Bottotn sheet
Top sheet
Rubber sheet
Types of Bed:
• Occupied Bed
• Un occupied Bed/ Simple Bed
Cardiac Bed
• Fracture Bed
• Cradd!e Bed
• Post operative Bed
• Divided bed or Amputation Bed
• Blanket Bed/ Rheumatism or Warm Bed
Cont:
• First lift the mattress while loosen linen or removing
the sheet. The sheet should not be pulled forcefully.
e Soiled linens are properly disposed off and do not
promote cross contamination.
• The bed linen should be folded from top to bottom or
side to side.
The open side of the pillow should nol face towards
the entrance of the door.
Cont:
Dtaw gheet
Pillow case and Pillow cover
Blanket
Bed spread
Principal!s of Bed making
The uniform of the nursing staff should not
touch to patients bed.
o Atl equipments should be collected before
starting.
e The patient must not be exposed.
e Bed reruains clean, dry and free from
wrinkles.
Cont:
• The open side of the pillow should not face
towards t!ae entrance of the door.
• The beds should be one line for belier look.
o Arrange to suppojt patient in comfort.
o Replace furniture etc. with safety and
conveniently for the patient and nurse before
leaving the bed.

12. ot becl (reinoving)
e n hes IS a pcecedtlle to retnove bed linen from
a which has been previous used.
I his ts jequjred either to air the bed or put
the sun or making it ready for future.
Procedure (to Disinfect linen)
e \'Vhen a chair or slool has been provided with
a bed.
e Place the Pillow over the sheet of the chair
The bed sheet should be loosened from
It sicle
Bold bed sheet Iwice, bling lop to boltom pick
up the center.
Conl:
Put (lie soiled linen in the laundry.
[Jeveb put il on lhe chair 01 on the floor.
Equipments:
Laundry
bag or hamper
A chair or a stool to place the articles.
Cont:
o The blanket should be folded in similar way.
Fold the draw sheet and place it over the
chair.
e The mattress should be turned from top to
bottom or from side to side.
o Soiled linen and rubber sheet be rolled
smoothly.
Washing and sterilizing (Blankets)
Blankets must be washed and sterilized
regularly after each discharge of short stay
patients and each week for jong stay
patients.

13. (Purposcs:
„„c hosp.tai bed tn which the patient IS
constantiy n ang or he/she can not move out
• To conserve patient's energy and
maintain
of the bed er the client remains in bed while It
current health status.
made
(Equipment:
Two large sheets
Draw sheet
Blanket (optional)
• Mackintosh rubber sheet
Pillow cover
Hamper bag
Chair
Cont:
4; Place the fresh linen Organizing linen in order
on the patient's chair In of use saves time and
order of use, at the foot energy.
end of bed,
5Place hamper bag ina Facilitates disposal of
convenjent place. soiled.
6Explain procedure to Minimizes anxiety and
the patient promotes co-operation.
7Wash hands Prevents transmission of
micro organisams.
• To provide client corn(ort
• To provide a clean, neat
environrnent
for the
client.
• To provide a srnooth, wrinkle free bed
foundation, thus minimizing
sources of skin
irritation.
(Procedures:
Sit Steps
Identify the patient
2 Check from
RN/patienl's chart ror
orders or specific
precautions for
movement and
positioning.
3Collect equipment and
Rational
To give care to the right
patient
Ensure patient's safely
as well as use of
for
proper
body mechal lics
nurse and patient.
Save tirne and energy.
supplies.
Cont:
8Draw roota curtains
around the bed or
close
9Remove call bell/light
10Adjust bed in working
position and lock the
bed.
1
Maintaining privacy, thus
promoting emotional and
physical comfort.
Provides easy access to
bed and linen.
Minimizes strain on
nurses back. Ensutes;
s ? foty•

14. Cont:
Cont:
bottom sheetclean
12
i 3
Assjswnt the paltenl to
jai Side of (he
"ea. Raise (he Side of
that. Adjust the pdlow
[Dosen atl linen starling
f' o.n head end of Ine
bed the
fan folds soiled linen
near the pallenl
Protects accidental (all
Make work easy
Provides maximum
space for clean linen.
Prevents
accidental fall.
Provides easy access.
Reduce transmission of
nucro organisms.
vertically as close to the
patient as possible. Tuck
and miter the corner at
the head end and tuck in
the
working side.
Place the mackintosh
15
and the draw sheet
vertically at the center of
bed
e
Draw
sheet
eliminatesirritating
wrinkles
and
folds.
Cont:
'16 Assisl the patient 10
roll over towards you,
adjust (he pillow and
raise the side rail.
17 Move on to the other
Side and lower the
Side tall
[Rejnove the used
jen and place (hem
the bed and tuck them
firmly.
Cont:
19
20
21
Pull the bottom sheet,
Mackintosh and the
draw sheet firmly.
Miter the head end
corner of the bottom
sheet and tuck it in.
Tuck mackintosh and
draw sheet firmly.
Ill the hamper bag.
Cont:
22 Change the pillow case For good looking
, Il to (he
Cont:
; oi (he bed,
, the opet ling
doo:/tnattj ('tillanc,e
23 tic to
co: nioriable position.
24 It) For cotil[octable.
25
26
Spread the top sheet
over the patient . A
blanket may be used if
required.
Tuck the foot end of
Provides
comfort
For foundation
of the
bed
According to the
season
top sheet and miter the
corners.
27Fold 6 inches of the top Make it easier for the
sheet to make a cuffpatient 10 pull the
sli(Jhlly flex the knees.
sheet up.

15. colit:
cell tse'f and
i retuyn
to a
!
confedabie
position.
' mace over bed table
and chair in proper
, place,
arranging
personnel
items with in
; easy reach on bedside
i doo!y.
i Replace
all equipments
Ensures
patients
safety
and comfort
Pronootes
sense of well
' being and minimizes
on the patient.
Ensures readiness for
next use.

16. Introduction to blospital
Presented By
Objectives
After this lecture students will be able:
D To define hospital
To know Classification of hospital
To know Functions of Hospital
C] To know Department in the hospital
To know Health care team members
O To know Professional cares
D To know Etiquettes of Hospital
Definition of hospital
D An institution that provides medical, surgical,
or psychiatric care and treatment for the sick
or injured peoples.
D Hospitals are institutions in which illnesses,
injuries, and disabilities are diagnosed and
treated.
contents
CJ Introduction
C] Definition of hospital
CJ Classification of hospital
Cl Functions of Hospital
C) Department in the hospital
CJ Health care team members
Professional cares
C] Etiquettes of Hospital
Introduction
The word hospitai is derived from Latin word
hospes which means a guest. A patient is
guest in the hospital and patient is very
•important person in the hospital. Group of
buildings for a common goal meeting health
needs of the human.
. &Ih+2ßZ.
Classification of Hospitals
Hospitals are classified in two ways:
According to the type of patient or service
afford.
According to the ownership.

17. Cont:
According to the service
offered, there aretveo groups:
General Hospital
C Special Hospital
Cont:
Special hospital:
A special hospital limits its services to a
particular condition such as tuberculosis,
maternity and pediatric hospital, psychiatric
hospital.
11
Cont:
Nonqovernment or private hospitals:
a) Medical college hospital
b) Mission hospital
c) Private hospital
d) Industrial workers hospital
Cont:
General Hospital:
Care is given to many kinds of conditions
such as medical, svrgical, pediatrics
and
obstetrics.
Cont:
According to the ownership, hospitals are divided
in to:
D Government or public hospital
CJ Nongovernmental or Private hospital.
Government or public hospital :
a) Medical college hospital
b) District Hospital
c) City head quarters hospital
d) Primary health centers
e) Rural hospitals
Functions of I-lospital
Diagnoses, investigation and treatment of
the sick or injured.
Medical and surgical treatrnent
Training of paramedical staff
O Medical and nursing education
Medical research
CJ Rehabilitation
CJ Health provision and prevention of diseases

18. Cont:
El Health supenasuen,
inununtzation
andprevention ot disease
CJ Allevating
sullenng
when
cure is not
possible
and helptng those
ternlinal
C) Illness to die
peacefully
and with
dignityEnnetvnency
treatment.
D Special treatnnent.
tilli
Cont:
C Pharmacy
Maintenance DPT
CI Stores
In patient Dpt
C] Out patient Dpt
Intensive care unit (l.c. U)
Cont:
CJ Pharmacist: They are licensed to dispense
drugs.
CJ Dietitian: Is rnember of health team manages
to provide nutritional needs of the client in
consultation with the physician.
D Nurses: In hospital there is a nursing team forthe care of patients.
Department in the hospital
CJ Administration Dpt
C) Account Dpt
O. Nursing Dpt
X-ray Dpt
Laboratory Dpt
Dietary (related to food for the patient)
Laundry Dpt
Health care team members
Ehysician: Is a person who has earned a
degree of doctor and has passed licensing
examination.
Assistant physician: Are junior doctors and
they work under the direction of chief
physicians in the hospital and clinic.
D Therapists: They are licensed to assist in the
examination and treatments of clients .
Professional cares
C] Diagnoses
C] Treatment
Social services
Nursing care
D Administration
C] Nursing services
CJ Medical and pharma medical staff

19. Etiquettes of Hospital
There are following
To show courtesy o the patient relatives and
other hospital staff'
Attend the patient relatives pleasantly a
All the relative of the patient should visit in
visiting hours.
Let your senior pass first
Admission. Discharge procedures
0.
Objectives:
After this lecture students will be able :
To know admission procedure
D To know purposes of admission
procedure
C] To know Discharge procedure.
CJ To 1<now transfer to another hospital
D To know transfer to another ward in
the same hospital
Cont:
Do not
remain
sitting while talking to your
senior
Received
orders politely
C] Obey
rules and regulation of the hospital
(May
be written or verbal)
Respect the tradition of the hospital
Contents:
Objectives
CJAdmission procedure
Purposes of admission
Procedure
DDischarge procedure
Transfer to another hospital
Transfer to another ward in the same hospital
Follow-up
Summary
References
Admission procedure:
Admission of a patient means allowing
a patient to stay in the hospital for
investigation and treatment of the
disease he is suffering from.

20. I'lljnoses ot ad no issi
C) the
necessary
identifying
data
Te his social ancl
medical
history for
observatton,
investigation
and
treatment.secure safety of the
patient and his
To Immediate steps for the
patient'sdiagnosis and treatment.
C To give proper
treatment to the patient.
Cont:
2. Admission form records:
a. Name and address of patient
b. Age and date of birth. Religion
c. Sex. Single, Married, Widow or
widower.
d. Admission and registration number.
e. Occupation or school.
f. Nearest relative foe emergency.
Telephone number.
g. Consultant name
h. Diagnosis.
l. Date and titne.
Cont:
8. Patient provided with identity wrist band
9. Doctor find out history of the case as soon as
possible.
10.0bservation to be made by nurse:
General reaction of patient. (Anxiety)
Cleanliness of clothes, skin, hair, mouth
Complaints: Pain, Breathlessness
Last passing of urine, Faces,
Medicines, brought in by patient.
Procedure:
1. Patient is accompanied to the ward
by a receptionist, with notes and
admission form obtained from a clerk
in out-patients or admission office,
which is a section of the records
department.
Cont:
3. Welcomed by first nurse who sees patient.
4.
5.
6.
Temperature, pulse and respiration taken
and charted.
Written consent form for operation or
treatment signed after explanation given
by the doctor.
Weight measured and recorded.
Specimen of urine obtained , tested and
charted.
Discharge process
C) The attending physician must write
some form of discharge for the
patient before he may leave the
hospital.
If a patient leaves the hospital
against medical advice he is made to
release form.

21. Cont:
O Instructions
tvgarding
further care, medication
or treatment encl follow up should be clearlywritten and interpreted to patient or his family
O Dressings or appliance
should be freshly applied.C) Patient's
personal
belongings such as clothing,money and other
valuables which is entrusted tothe hospital during the time of admission shouldbe checked and returned.
C) Any of the hospital
property which was given tothe patient should be checked and received backbefore he goes.
Transfer.of
patient to another
hospital:
When the patient is transferred to
another hospital, the matter should
be informed to the relatives first. If
the transfer has to be made quicl<ly, It
must be done before the arrival of
relatives, but the proper information
about the address of patient should
be intimated to their relatives as
early as possible.
Cont:
C] The patient should introduced to the
sister in charge and the records and
personal belongings are handed over
to her.
Cont:
CJ If he is not able to walk, a wheelchair
stretcher
should lye arranged for him
CJ Nurse
should see that he is safely
transferred
to the conveyance.
CT The nurse should see that the
charts
are
complete
and send to the office
record
section to be filled.
CJ Porter, warcl messenger or receptionist
accompanies
patient to hospital
door.
Transfer to another ward in the
same hospital:
Cl The doctor who is in-charge of the patient
will write the transfer order in the case
sheet.
D The transfer
procedure is similar to that of
discharge.
The ward sister should inform the sister in.
charge of the ward to where the patient has
to be transferred.
CJ Patient's chart should be completed all
rnedicjne cards should be sent along with
chart.
Follow-up:
CJ Follow-up care of a patient is the
getting a continuity of care when
he/she is discharged.