Foot diseases in bovine & corrective trimming.ppt

Diseases affecting the hoof and corrective trimming techniques.

1. Bovine Surgery
•Foot disease and Foot trimming

2. Disease cost in a herd
\/case Incidence\/100-cow/y
Foot disorder53,640　 38%　2,038,000
Mastitis 42,270　 40 　1,691,000
DA 69,056　 7 　 483,000
Ketosis 35,546　 17 　 604,000
Metritis 48,506　 15 　 728,000
Milk fever 42,310　 7 　 296,000
Dystocia 31,798　 21 　 668,000

3. Lameness & Hoof lesions
Lameness causes
　 　 　
↓
Feed consumption


↓milk production / ↓ Fertility
↑cull rate

More than 90% cases of lameness is
related to hoof lesions
Four foot diseases are most prevalent

4. Digital dermatitis
Sole ulcer
Foot rot
Four Common Foot Problems
Whiteline abscess
Skin infection
Claw horn
Disruption
(CHD)

5. Background: Today’s dairy system
No natural grazing environment
Feet and leg disorders increase along with
- increased production
- more confined management system
Many factors affect the hoof health
- genetics, conformation, diet,
contagious agent, hygiene,
housing system, animal behavior,
management

6. CAUSES OF CHD
claw lameness　（CHD）
1）Mechanical, Chemical, biological
2）Nutrition: Rumen acidosis/Endotoxin
3）Calving: relaxin
Skin lameness　（DD）
1）micro wound
2）Infection

7. CHD
CHD in the lateral claw
of the hind limb are the most frequent

11. Keratinisation:
・keratin proteins
・intercellular cementing
substance
(glycoprotein, complex lipids)
Cornification:
・programmed cell death
・disulphide-bonds
Perfusion:
・mechanical overload
・metabolic stress (histamine, lactate, endotoxin)

13. Lamina

15. Feed Calving
CHD
Pedal bone
sinking
Inferior horn
quality
CHD
Mechanial stress
Concrete floor/ prolonged standing

16. Free stall Tie stall

19. Dutch method
Step 1-4: Maintenance Trimming

・
To correct hoof overgrowth
・　To restore appropriate weight bearing
within each claw

・
To balance weight bearing between the
claws
Step 5-6: Corrective Trimming

・
To identify and correct claw lesions

21. STEP 1

23. STEP 2

25. STEP 3

27. STEP 4

29. Treatment of CHD
•Corrective trimming
•reduce the pressure in the corium
•reduce the loading

30. 1 2
3 4

31. 1 2 3
4 5 6

33. Bovine Surgery
•Cesaren section

34. C’section
Indications & contra-indications
Dystocia
Maternal
abnormality
Fetal abnormality
others
Poor bodily
condition-dam
Emphysematous
fetus
Sever uterine
infection

36. Surgical technique: Flank
1.Caudal epidural block
2.preparation
3.Flank incision
4.Exteriorize uterine horn with fetal limbs
5.Uterine wall incision
6.Fetal traction
7.Suture of uterine wall
8.Close abdomen

38. Cushing UtrechtLembert

39. Uterine forceps

40. Complications of C’section
Shock
Continuous severe hemorrhage
Septic metritis、peritonitis
Adhesion of uterine wall
Incisional hernia

41. Care of calf
Establish respiration
Assessment of activity
Umbilical cord disinfection
Assessment of congenital defects
Colostrum feeding

42. β-adrenergic drugs
•Ｉsoxsplin hydrochloride
•Litodoline hydrochloride

43. Bovine Surgery
•Surgical correction of abomasal
displacement

44. Development
of DA: four steps
Ca
metabolism
・lipid
metabolism
Ruminal
adaptaion
・Immune
response
①
Transition
problems
High
K diet
・Fat
Change
of feed
・Unhygiene
②
Management

errors
MF・Ketosis/Fatty
liver
Rumen
acidosis
・
Metritis/mastitis
Post-parturient
condition
③
↓Ruminal
volum
e・


Abomasal
atony
Pre-
displacement④
DA

45. Treatment (Hearing rate)
■Rolling：5-20%
■Surgery： LAD : 95%, RAD/AV:64-73%
・Hanover method
・Utrecht method
・Paramedian abomasopexy
・Bar suture


・Laparoscopic surgery

46. Surgical
Technique
Blind
Bar
suture
Closed
suture
Open
Standing
Dorsal
recumbency
Left
flank
abomasopexy
Right
flank
omentopexy
Right
paramedian
abomasopexy
HanoverUtrecht
Laparoscopic

49. Surgical anatomy of
the abomasum
■volume 7.5～20 L
■ Fundus：thin
■ Pylorus：thick, locate 9～10intercostal
■ Fat fold of great omentum：has Pig
ear, Elephant ear
■ Making U shape：omasum to proximal
duodemum
■ Nerves and vessels pathway

52. Ｘ
Ｘ
Paramedian
abomasopexy
Left
flank abomasopexy
Right
flank
omentopexy
Fixation

53. Right flank omentopexy
(Hanover method)

63. Utrecht　method
・ left flank approach
・abomasopexy

64. Paramedian approach
・abomasopexy

65. Bar
suture

66. Paracostal incision