FORM 2 CHAPTER 1 BIODIVERSITY BIOLOGY.pptx

PENDIDIKAN MORAL T3

1. CHAPTER 1 PREPARED BY: NURULHUSNA BT MAT RADZI SMJK CHOONG HUA BIDOR 2018

2. Content 1.0 Biodiversity 1.1 Diversity of organisms 1.2 Classification of organisms 2

3. 1.1 the variety of organisms 1. Living things are called organisms. There are many kinds of organisms on Earth. 2. The variety of different types organisms on Earth is called biodiversity 3

4. What is biodiversity? Biodiversity refers to wide variety of organisms on E arth

5. Where can we find biodiversity?

6. The place where organisms live is called the habitat . Biodiversity is found in various habitats such as forests , ponds , deserts, seas and soil . 6

7. The importance of biodiversity Maintain the balance of nature Sources of food Attract tourists and so can contributes to the economy of the country. Sources of medicine Raw material for industries Education 7

8. How to maintain biodiversity? Restricting Exploitation of Forest Resources Reducing Pollution Stop overharvesting Protect habitat Endangered species act 8

9. 2 . BIODIVERSITY ANIMALS PLANTS

10. Vertebrates Invertebrates Animals Animal with backbones Animal without backbones 1. There are two main groups of animals:

11. A. Invertebrates More than 90% of animals are invertebrates Since invertebrates have no backbone, they are usually small in size. Examples: Inserts such as ants, butterflies, flies, and cockroaches Spiders Crabs Prawns Worms Mollusks such as snails

12. B. Vertebrates Smaller group compared to invertebrates. However, we are more familiar with this group of animals Since vertebrates have backbone to support their weight, many vertebrates are large in size Examples: Elephants Eagles Whales Snakes Frogs Clown fish

13. Vertebrates Amphibians Fish Birds Mammals Reptiles Classification of vertebrates

14. 1.Common characteristics of fish Body covered with slimy scales for protection Have fins and tail to swim Streamlined bodies to swim well Breathe through gills Poikilothermic (body temperature changes with the surrounding temperature) Lay eggs Carry out external fertilization (eggs are fertilized outside the female body)

15. Amphibians

16. 1. Common characteristics of amphibians Body covered with moist skin Adults can live on land and water Adults breathe with lung on land and through moist skin when in water Poikilothermic (body temperature changes with the surrounding temperature) Lay eggs covered with jelly-like substance Young amphibians live in water and breathe through gills Carry out external fertilization (eggs are fertilized outside the female body)

17. T orto i ses Snake Crocodile

18. 1. Common characteristics of reptiles Body covered with hard and dry scales for protection Breathe with lungs Lay eggs with leathery shell Poikilotermic (body temperature changes with surrounding temperature ) Carry out internal fertilization (eggs are fertilized inside the female body)

19. Hornbill Kingfisher

20. 1.Common characteristics of birds Body covered with feathers Have wings and beak Breathe with lungs Homeothermic (body temperature remains constant) Lay eggs with hard shells Carry out internal fertilization (eggs are fertilized inside the female body)

21. T iger Rhinoceros Camel Orangutan E l eph a nt

22. 1. Common characteristics of mammals Body covered with hair or fur Breathe with lungs Homeothermic (body temperature remains constant ) Give birth to live young Carry out internal fertilization (eggs are fertilized inside the female body) Young mammals feed on milk from their mother’s mammary glands

23. Flowering Plants Non-flowering Plants Plants E x a m p les E x a m p les

24. Plants Produce flowers Do not produce flowers Needl e -l i ke leaves Leaves divided into leaflets Leave with Leaves with parallel veinsnetwork-like veins Single blade leaves Leaves divided Into leaflets Leaves with ne t work-l i ke veins Leaves with parallel veins

25. Non-flowering plants Further divided to conifers, ferns, mosses, and algae Conifers Reproduce by seeds produced in cones Have needle-like leaves Example: casuarinas, pine Ferns Reproduced by spores on the underside of leaves Example: Bird’s nest fern, stag’s horn fern

26. Mosses Reproduce by spores produced in capsules Example: White moss Algae Very simple plants No proper roots, stems, leaves Example: Seaweed

27. Flowering plants Produce flower for reproduction Flower  fruits and seeds  new plants Based on the seeds they produce, flowering plants can be further divided into 2 groups Flowering plants Monocotyledons Dicotyledons Have seeds with one cotyledon Have seeds with two cotyledon

28. Monocotyledon D icotyledon

29. One cotyledon A maize grain cut into half Each seed has only one cotyledon

30. Their leaves have parallel veins Paral l el veins Maize Fibrous roots They have fibrous roots

31. Mostly are herbaceous plant (plants with non-woody stems) Examples: Grasses, sugar cane, banana, paddy, and orchid plants

32. A green bean (split into two) Each seed has two cotyledons Two cotyledons

33. Balsam plant Network-l i ke veins Their leaves have network-like veins Tap root They have fibrous tap roots

34. They may be trees, shrubs or herbaceous Examples: Rubber and durian trees, hibiscus, morning glory and sunflower plants