formationofthesolarsytem-180622080510.pptx

PPT

1. FORMATION OF THE SOLAR SYTEM

2. THE PLANETS OF THE SOLAR SYTEM Planets are classified into two groups: terrestrial - Four planets closest to the Sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. Each has a solid mineral-containing crust and Earth-like composition.

3. jovian Planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The term jovian came from Jupiter, describing the other gas giants in the solar system as Jupiter like. Pluto – is not included in either category because of it’s great distance and small size.

4. THE INNER PLANETS OF THE SOLAR SYTEM

5. MERCURY

6. MERCURY is the planet closest to the Sun. it takes only 88 Earth-days to make one revolution one year in mercury lasts only 88 earth days it rotates only three times for each two revolutions around the sun.

7. because of its small size and weak gravitational field, it holds very little atmosphere Day temperature 315 ° C Night temperature - 149 ° C

8. VENUS

9. VENUS the brightest planet in the solar system it is often called “evening star” during March and April and “morning star” during September and October most closely resembles the Earth with respect to size, density and distance from the Sun.

10. It takes 243 Earth days to make one revolution. It rotates in a direction opposite the direction of the Earth’s rotation. regarded as Earth’s twin, it has been very active volcanically. Venus has a diameter of 12,112 kilometers with a relative mass of 0.82 .

11. it has plateaus and mountains but less craters and Valleys. The surface temperature can reach 480 ° C.

12. EARTH

13. EARTH the blue planet, with more water surface than land. temperature extremes of day and night are conducive to life. - with a mass of Mass:   5.972 × 10^24 kg - With a density:   5.51 g/cm³

14. Earth’s land is 29.2% Earth’s Water is 70.8%

15. MARS

16. MARS is a little more than half the size of the Earth. its mass is about 1/9 that of the Earth and it has a core, mantle and crust as well and a thin atmosphere. its atmosphere is about 95% carbon dioxide and 0.15 oxygen.

17. Its temperature at the equator is from 30 ° C in the day and -130 ° C at night. scientist found evidence that there were once lakes in some Martian craters but now it is dry and desolated planet. has two small moons – Phobos , the inner and Deimos the outer.

18. Phobos – orbits in the same easterly direction with that of Mars at a distance of almost 6000 kilometers in period of 7.5 hours. Deimos – is the half of size of Phobos and orbits Mars in 30.3 hours at a distance of 20,000 kilometers.

19. THE OUTER PLANETS OF THE SOLAR SYTEM

20. JUPITER

21. is the largest planet in our solar system. it has a mass 318 times that the Earth and an average density of 1.34g/cm ³. the diameter is 143,000 kilometers hence, it is called the “giant planet”. it appears to be covered with alternating bands of multicolored clouds parallel to the equator.

22. it rotates once in less than 10 hours. its core is about 20 times more massive than the Earth’s core. It composed of iron, nickel and other minerals. surface temperature is about the same day and night.

23. sixteen moons orbit in Jupiter. Among the four largest moons discovered by Galileo in 1610, Lo and Europa are about the size of our moon.

24. SATURN

25. SATURN Has a mean diameter which is nearly 10mtimes that of the Earth. composed of hydrogen and helium. Saturn's rings lie in a plane coincident with Saturn’s equator. it has four major rings and hundreds of ringlets.

26. - Saturn's rings consist of three bands. The innermost ring is about 12,000 kilometers from surface. the middle ring is the brightest. Saturn has 23 moons beyond its ring. The largest is Titan – which is 1.6 times larger than our moon.

27. It revolves once each 16 days and has a methane atmosphere. Its surface temperature is -170 ° C. its other moon, Lapetus – is very bright and the other side dark.

28. URANUS

29. has a diameter of 47,000 kilometers and a mass that is 14.6 times of the Earth. it was discovered by William Herschel in 1781. its atmosphere has hydrogen and methane. its temperature is -170 ° C.

30. it was discovered that Uranus also surrounded by rings. it has at least 17 moons. Uranus axis tilted 98 degrees to the perpendicular of its orbital plane. it is a cold planet.

31. NEPTUNE

32. NEPTUNE Neptune and Uranus are like twins, similar in size and appear green due to methane in their atmospheres. it has a diameter of 3.9 times that if the Earth, its mass is 17 times greater and density is about the third of the Earth.

33. Its atmosphere is mainly hydrogen and helium with some methane and ammonia. It has eight moons, in addition to a ring system. the largest moon is Triton, which orbits Neptune in 5.9 days. It has a bright polar caps and geysers of nitrogen.

34. the smaller moon is the Nereid, takes nearly a year to orbit Neptune.

35. OTHER PLANET…

36. PLUTO

37. is not anymore included in the solar system as a planet because of its size and distance from the Sun. most of the planetary is circular, Pluto is elliptical. its orbit is so eccentric and at times closer to the Sun than Neptune. it is smaller than our Moon with a diameter about one-fifth that of the Earth’s and a mass of 0.002.

38. its rotational period is 6.4 days and it has a moon named Charon – has a period of 6.4 days. a very cold place. It takes 248 years to make a single revolution. It will be seen it its discovered position in year 2178.

39. OTHER MEMBERS OF THE SOLAR SYTEM

40. ASTEROIDS

41. ASTEROIDS - populated by thousands of small rocky bodies called asteroids. Some asteroids are irregular in shape, like boulders and the larger ones are spherical. they vary in in size from grains of sand to hundreds of kilometers in diameter.

42. The largest is Ceres, which has a diameter of 750 kilometers. Many asteroids circle the sun, others do not. Hermes is the closest asteroid to the Earth. Vesta is the only asteroid which can be seed by the naked eyes. Asteroids which are smaller than a ffew hundred kilometers are called meteroids .

43. METEOROIDS

44. METEROIDS Is a streaking light which lasts for a few seconds. We see it as a “shooting star”. a meteor that strikes the earth’s atmosphere usually an altitude of about 80 kilometers. it is heated white hot by friction with the atmosphere and is seen as a flash of light called “falling star”

45. METEROIDS Is a streaking light which lasts for a few seconds. We see it as a “shooting star”. a meteor that strikes the earth’s atmosphere usually an altitude of about 80 kilometers. it is heated white hot by friction with the atmosphere and is seen as a flash of light called “falling star”.

46. Meteorite is a meteor that survives the decent through the atmosphere and reaches the ground. most meteorites are small.

47. COMETS

48. COMETS the term comet was derived from the Greek word meaning “long-haired”. a small body of rock, iron and ice, and gases that orbit the sun in elliptical orbits. composed of nucleus which looks like a dirty snowball called coma and a long tail of vaporized gases (water, ammonia, methane, and carbon dioxide), dust and debris.

49. Comets are the most spectacular bodies in the solar system. They are visible only when they are within the orbits of Saturn. Comets appear big as they approach the sun because solar energy vaporizes the frozen gases. The glowing head, coma, varies greatly.

50. some are as big as the sun, others are size of Jupiter. Inside the coma is a small is a small glowing nucleus with a diameter of a few kilometers. - The tail points away from the sun in a slightly curved manner. This is due to solar winds.

51. a comet revolves around the sun in either the Kuiper belt or Oort cloud. Kuiper belt is an area outside the orbit of the Pluto. Oort cloud is a sphere beyond the orbit of Uranus.

52. SUN

53. SUN is a glowing ball of gas-like material called plasma. it is about 864,000 miles in diameter and 93 million miles away. it is our principal source of heat. Without this, life on earth would cease.

54. PARTS OF THE SUN Photosphere – the visible surface of the sun. Chromospheres – the region of prominences which is visible during a solar eclipse. Corona – a crown of light seen during a solar eclipse.

55. Sunspots are created by strong magnetic fields typically twice the size of the Earth

56. MOON

57. MOON Is one of the largest in the solar system. it has a diameter of 364 000 km. its gravitational pull is 1/6 of the Earth. three billion years ago, the moon was formed by bombardment and volcanic activity filled with lava to produce a surface.

58. PHASES OF THE MOON New Moon is the first lunar phase. Waxing Crescent starts as the Moon becomes visible again after the New Moon conjunction. First Quarter is a primary Moon phase when we can see exactly half of the Moon's surface illuminated .

59.   Waxing gibbous half lighted but less than full Full Moon is the lunar phase when the Moon appears fully illuminated from Earth's perspective.  Waning gibbous – face of the Moon is 100 percent illuminated

60. Last Quarter always rises in the middle of the night, appears at its highest in the sky around dawn, and sets around midday Waning Crescent the illuminated part of the Moon decreases from the lit up semicircle at Third Quarter until it disappears from view entirely at New Moon.

61. STARS

62. THE STARS Constellations – astronomers divide the night sky into group of stars