FORMS OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT.pdf

Forms of Human settlements, an important topic in Human geography. It discuss the the two kinds of settlements, rural and urban and deals with their advantages as well as disadvantages.

1. FORMS OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTFORMS OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT
Ariba Asif
Sameen Fatima
Rabia Ibrahim
Zara Naseem
Eman Umar
Fatimah Jamshed

2. CONTENTSCONTENTS
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2.
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B.
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b)
Introduction
Components of human settlement
Importance of human settlement
Types of human settlement
Temporary settlement
Permanent settlement
Urban settlement
Rural settlement
Scattered settlement
Dispersed settlement

3. HUMAN SETTLEMENTHUMAN SETTLEMENT
Introduction:-
Human settlements means cluster of dwellings of any type and size where human
beings live.



People may erect houses and other structures and command some area or territory
as their economic support base
How?

4. COMPONENTS
OF HUMAN
SETTLEMENT
COMPONENTS
OF HUMAN
SETTLEMENT
COMPONENTS
OF HUMAN
SETTLEMENT
COMPONENTS
OF HUMAN
SETTLEMENT


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Nature- the biosphere and
environment that provides basic
resources
Man- makes the decision about what
to do with the natural resources.
Society- agglomeration of people that
creates an interaction and relationship
governed by social artifacts such as
economic, cultural or political
Shells- for the sake of protection
Networks- channels through which
people, energy and information flow
such as roads, railways, pipelines,
drainage and telecommunication.

5. IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT
Humans have adapted to their environment well over the years, both
biologically and non-biologically. However, humans require shelter from
the elements to survive. Most wilderness survival advice says that
acquiring a suitable shelter is often the most important part of
successfully surviving in the wild. Throughout history, humans have
displayed many ways in which to shelter themselves. From ancient cave
dwellings and tents, to log cabins and castles, there remains a rich
diversity of dwelling spaces that are used by humans today.

6. HISTORYHISTORY
The oldest remains that have been found of constructed dwellings are
remains of huts that were made of mud and branches around 17,
000 BC at the Ohalo site (now underwater) near the edge of the  Sea
of Galilee. The  Natufians built houses, also in the  Levant, around 10,
000 BC. Remains of settlements such as villages become much more
common after the invention of agriculture.

7. Some settlements side may go out of use. This location in Estonia was used for human
settlement in 2nd half of first millennium and it is considered an archaeological record,
that may provide information on how people lived back then.

8. TYPES OF
HUMAN
SETTLEMENT
TYPES OF
HUMAN
SETTLEMENT
TYPES OF
HUMAN
SETTLEMENT
TYPES OF
HUMAN
SETTLEMENT
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There are two types of human
settlement :
Temporary settlement
Permanent settlement

9. Temporary settlementTemporary settlement
Definition :
" Settlement which are occupied for a short time are
called temporary settlement. "
It includes camps of hunters and herders.
Examples :
The people living in deep forests, hot and cold deserts
and mountains often dwell in such temporary settlement.
Temporary settlement is found in Africa.
Occupation :
They practice hunting, gathering, shifting, cultivation,
and transhumance.
Temporary settlement in Africa

10. Permanent settlementPermanent settlement
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Definition:
"Permanent settlement is the settlement in which people build home
and occupy them for a longer period of time. "
More and more settlements today are permanent settlements.
Examples :
It includes villages and cities where people build houses and live for
long period of time.
Occupation :
The occupation of people in permanent settlement is :
Agriculture, Manufacturing, Services, and Trade repeated jobs.
Types of permanent settlement :
Rural settlement
Urban settlement

11. Urban Settlement:-Urban Settlement:-
Definition:-
An Urban settlement is a concentrated settlement that is
part of an urban area.
It is a type of settlement where displaced populations
settle within an urban agglomeration such as a town or
city. 
In urban settlement, majority of people are engaged in
non rural activities.

People’s occupations in urban settlement:-
The main occupations of people in urban
settlements are secondary or tertiary activities.

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Secondary activities involve manufacturing of
goods and construction industries. As there are
a lot of industries in urban areas ,so most of the
people are involved in these industrial
(secondary) activities.

Tertiary activities are those activities
which relate to initial services in which
people are involved in primary or secondary
activities. It covers a wide range of activities
from transport, business, education, health
and social work. In urban areas, there are a
lot of opportunities and facilities so many people are involve
in this type of activities.

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Urban settlement can be small like thousand people or can be as larger as Tokyo
Yokohama in Japan with over 30 million people.
Characteristics:-
It refers to the population which resides in the towns and cities and is densely
populated.
2. They have a well developed infrastructural, economical, industrial and residential
system.
3. They include a system of transportation, well developed schools and educational
institutions and offers better jobs, business, hospitals, cultural centres, etc.
Major occupations are business, manufacturing and other social services.
Unlike rural settlement, neighbourhood is separated with limited knowledge of
others.
As many people come to cities and towns for better standards of living so there is
overpopulation in
these areas and eventually there are a lot of traffic and population problems.

14. Employment
There are plenty of job opportunities in city rather than rural areas. Staring a new career
could be far easier if someone move to urban areas. Statistics also reveal that people can
find better employment opportunities in cities due to large number of companies and
industrial areas.

Public Transportation
Transport facilities are highly developed in cities. Cities have trains, buses and plenty of taxis
and ride sharing drivers so you get where you need to go. It is possible to live without a
personal transport in most cities.
Advantages of urban settlementAdvantages of urban settlement

15. Better healthcare service
Healthcare is vital regardless of where you live.Hopitals and clinics are close
easy access to healthcare and aid in emergency. Due to advanced
technology, There is better treatment ways are introduced to cure many
dangerous diseases.

Better Education
In cities, there is more opportunities of better education than rural areas. There
is many public and private institutions for primary as well as higher education.
Urbanisation allows for schools to have teachers to educate students. The ratio
of literate people are far more in cities than villages.

16. Disadvantages of urban settlementDisadvantages of urban settlement
Pollution
Pollution has many impact on urban areas due to high population rate. Poor quality of air and
smog are the biggest problem in cities. Also there is smoke and exhausted fumes releasing
from factories, industries and many vehicle that cause pollution mainly. Emergency vehicles
and industrial areas prouduce loud sounds that leads to noise pollution.

Crime rate
Urban areas have higher crime Rates due to overpopulation. At work places, people faced
harrasment, bullying and many other crimes. Due to cost of living, Robbery is the major crime
in cities at work place.

17. Congestion
Over population and over crowding leads to lack of space. In urban areas, large
increases in motors vehicle usage have resulted in congestion on roads. People
are living in small apartments in cities. It is also rare to live in apartments with
outside yard. Moving from suburbs to urban areas always involves downsizing of
living space.

Cost of living
Cost of living is much expensive in cities than rural areas. Rents and mortgage
payments are very excessive, it will be more challenging if someone don’t earn
enough money. Due to advanced facilities. utility bills as well as electricity bills
are higher in cities. Price of food and clothing are more expensive. Taxes are
also higher in cities.

18. RURAL SETTLEMENTRURAL SETTLEMENT
DEFINITION:
Rural settlement is an area where majority of
population is engaged in primary activities like
agriculture,animal husbandry,minning and fishing ,
etc.
People are less mobile and social relationships
between people are intimate.

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Characteristics:
People build houses according to their
environment
Slanting roofs and slits
Thick mud walled house.
People are engaged in activities like agriculture,
fishing, forestry, craft works and minning.

ASPECTS:
Sites
Form
distribution

20. SETTLEMENT PATTERNSETTLEMENT PATTERN:
Rectangular patternlinear pattern Triangular pattern
Star like pattern Circular pattern Nebular pattern

21. FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF RURAL SETTLEMENT:FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF RURAL SETTLEMENT:FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF RURAL SETTLEMENT:
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On basis of functions , rural settlement can be
classified as:
Farming villages
Fisherman’s villages
Lumberjack villages
Pastoral villages
Mining villages

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Determined by the extent of built up area and enter house spacing.
Factors and conditions:
Physical features-nature of terrain, altitude, climate and availability of water.
Cultural and ethical factors-social structure ,caste and religion.
Security factors- defence against thefts and robberies.
TYPES:
Compact , clustered, nucleated
Semi clustered
Hamleted
Dispersed
TYPES OF RURAL SETTLEMENTTYPES OF RURAL SETTLEMENT

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Closely built up area
Separated from farms, barns and pastures
Present some geometrical shapes,such as rectangular, linear etc
Example
Peple live in compact villages for security issues such as in Bundle khan region of central
India and Nagaland.
In Raghistan, scarcity of water necessitated compact settlement for maximum utilization of
water
Generally found in northeastern states

CLUSTERED SETTLEMENTCLUSTERED SETTLEMENT

24. Bundelkhand Raghistan

25. Semi-clustered settlementSemi-clustered settlement:
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Result from tendency of clustering in a restricted
area of dispered settlement
More often results from segregation or
fragmentation of compact village
One section of village chose or is forced to live a
little away from from main cluster or village
Generally ,the land-owning and dominant
community occupies the central part of village
menial wokers settle on outer edge of the village
Example:
Gujrat plain and some parts of Raghistan

26. Hamleted settlementHamleted settlement
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Sometimes settlement is fragmented into several units
physically separated from each other bearing a common
name.These units are locally called panna, para, palli,
nagla, dhani, etc. in various parts of the country.
This segmentation of a large village is often motivated by
social and ethnic factors.
Such villages are more frequently found in the middle
and lower Ganga plain, Chhattisgarh and lower valleys
of the Himalayas.

27. Dispersed or scattered settlementDispersed or scattered settlement
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Dispersed or isolated settlement pattern in India appears in
the form of isolated huts or hamlets of few huts in remote
jungles, or on small hills with farms or pasture on the slopes.
Extreme dispersion of settlement is often caused by the
extremely fragmented nature of the terrain and land resource
base of habitable areas.
It’s found in different parts of world like prairies of
Canada and US, steppe Grasslands of Russia, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan etc.

28. Advantages of rural settlementAdvantages of rural settlement
•Living space: spacious, comfortable, airy, many greenery.
Habitat: no air pollution, quiet, less waste domestic and industrial waste.
Psychology: Because the main job is agricultural labor should not be pressured on money,
status social, title. (community lifestyle)
Food hygiene safety: The food of the people is mainly self-sufficiency, so there is less
contaminated food, food of unknown origin.
The social security is stable due to low population density, people living in the traditional
village model with high community cohesion.
Health and disease: Due to the frugal life, the environment is not polluted so the
epidemic is less.

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Violent and property crime rates are much lower than those in large cities, as we have
seen.
The air is cleaner because there is less traffic and fewer factories and other facilities
that emit pollution.
If you do decide to keep animals, you may also be able to sell produce from them
(milk/eggs/honey) to create a small income.
If you do decide to keep animals, you may also be able to sell produce from them
(milk/eggs/honey) to create a small income.
You’ll be closer to the various wildlife of the area and to walks in areas of natural
beauty.
At least anecdotally, life in rural areas is thought to be slower-paced, resulting in lower
levels of anxiety and a greater sense of relaxation.

30. Disadvantages of rural settlementDisadvantages of rural settlement
•Employment and income: the lack of employment, the main employment is agriculture
and simple labor, so low income.
The infrastructure: essential works for human life such as electricity, roads, school,
hospital, communication, energy supply, public lighting, commerce and public services is
missing and weak.
Social security: Due to the difficult economic life so facing many problems of medical
care, financial support during unemployment, caring for the elderly and children.
Social Service: Difficulties in accessing health services, education, entertainment and
shopping.
Living condition: unqualified water and toilets, poor housing.

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If you have children of school-age, they might be faced with a longer journey to school,
whether they walk, take the bus or get a lift in.
Medical and health facilities are poor. There’s so unlikely to get immediate medical
assistance in case of a medical emergency.
There may be limited job opportunities, unless you already have a job nearby or if you
commute into a town or city.
Television and Internet connectivity could be weaker or patchy in more rural areas.
Entertainment and eateries may be further away, which involves more time, a higher
expense and extra planning.
Shopping can become an inconvenience. This may not seem all that important, but
staples that are purchased a couple times a week, such as milk and bread, may be
further than just a 2 minute trip down the road.

32. ThankyouThankyou