14)
NPV = Sum of Present Value of Cash Flows – Present Value of
Initial Investment
15)
BCR =
MCBxB∞ErOv;KBrKB∞BG/ErhMOKs
@3C9C:?K@3D;A91;39
16)
Net BCR =
MOK$@3D;A91;39
@3D;A91;39
Or
BCR – 1 OR
PMO
@3C9C:?K@3D;A91;39
17)
IRR = Calculated by using Interpolation Method
18)
Modified Internal Rate of Return
i.
PVC = Q
E:AFKR?HI
hd2Cs
S
3
9TU
ii. TV = QVSuOrW,og1)ur
3
9TU
rh0i Vs
3$9
iii. P.V.C =
N.O.
hd2Wqkk"
#
COST OF CAPITAL
COST OF DEBT
19)
WACC = We Ke + Wp Kp + Wd Kd (1-t)
Where; W
e = Weights of Equities
K
e = Cost of Equities
W
p = Weights of Preference
K
p = Cost of Preference
W
d = Weights of Debentures
K
d = Cost of Debentures
t = Tax rate
PraveenKumar Keskar 4
20)
Irredeemable Debentures
a.
Pre Tax Cost of Debt = Kd =
@
EWMKH!KPM
Where, K
d = Cost of Capital
I = Interest
CMP = Current Market Price
NP = Net Sales Proceeds
b.
Post Tax Cost of Debt = Kd =K
qrhq-Es
EWMKH!KPM
Where, t = Corporate Tax
21) Redeemable Debentures
a.
Pre Tax Cost of Debt = Kd =
@
hXYZ["
#
U.(hM [
"2rUl\rhRs
b.
Post Tax Cost of Debt = Kd =
@hd-E"
XYZ[
#
U.(hM [
" KUs\KhR"
1. Approximation Formula:
a.
Pre Tax = Kd =
@
hXYZ["
#
d]yrhR2M["
b.
Post Tax = Kd =
qhq2Es2
hXYZ["
#
d]yrhR2M
["
COST OF PREFERENCE CAPITAL
22)
Irredeemable Preference Share
a)
Without dividend tax = Kp =
^
EWMKH!KPM
b)
With dividend tax = Kp =
^rhd2E
_"
EWMKH!KPM
PraveenKumar Keskar 5
23)
Redeemable Preference Share
a)
Without dividend tax = Kp =
^
hXYZs
#
U.(hM"2Ul\hRs
b)
With dividend tax = Kp =K
^Khd-^ S
"
hXYZs
#
U.(hM"2Ul\hRs
COST OF TERM LOAN
24)
Kt = R (1-t)
COST OF EQUITY
25)
Dividend Capitalisation Approach= Ke =
^
+
EWMKH!KPM
Where, D
1 =Dividend/Share
26)
Dividend Capitalisation + Growth Rate Approach =
K
e =
^+
EWMKH!KPM
i r+
Where, + = Growth rate
27)
Capital Asset Pricing Model or Security Market Line:
K
e = Rf + β (Rm - Rf)
Where, R f = Risk free rate of return.
R
m = market return of portfolio
β = Beta
R
m - Rf = Market Risk Premium
28) Cost of Equity of Bond Yield
K
e = Yield on Long term bonds + Risk Premium
29)
Earnings Capitalisation Approach:
K
e =
`+
EWMKH!KPM
Where, E 1 = Expected Earnings/Share
PraveenKumar Keskar 6
30)
Cost of Retained Earnings: Kr = Ke
CAPITAL STRUCTURE
NET INCOME APPROACH
31)
WACC = /
^
^ `
2a
<ir9
`
^ `
2a
;
32)
D =
@39;!;A9
b
c
33)
E =
Pd@$@39;!;A9
b
e
NET OPERATING INCOME APPROACH
34)
K
g = a
dKha
H=ra
<
"h
^
`
"
35) V =
Pd@
b
hK