Fractures and types

It is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of the bone

1. FRACTURES & TYPES Dr. ASHUTOSH KUMAR SINGH

2. What is A FRACTURE ???? A fracture is a broken bone. It can range from a thin crack to a complete break. Bone can fracture crosswise, lengthwise, in several places, or into many pieces. Most fractures happen when a bone is impacted by more force or pressure than it can support. It is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of the  bone

3. TYPES OF fRACTURES COMPLETE INCOMPLETE OPEN CLOSED PATHALOGICAL

4. COMPLETE FRACTURE A BREAK ACROSS ENTIRE CROSS-SECTION OF BONE

5. INCOMPLETE FRACTURE A BREAK OCCUR ONLY THROUGH A PART OF CROSS- SECTION OF THE BONE.

6. OPEN FRACTURE An  open fracture , also called a compound fracture, is a fracture in which there is an open wound or break in the skin near the site of the broken bone. 

7. CLOSED FRACTURE IS A SIMPLE FRACTURE THAT DOES NOT CAUSE BREAK IN THE CONTINUITY OF THE SKIN.

8. PATHOLOGIC FRACTURE A  pathologic fracture  is a broken bone that's caused by a disease, rather than an injury. 

9. PATTERNS OF FRACTURE Greenstick fracture Transverse fracture Oblique fracture Spiral fracture Comminuted fracture Depressed fracture Avulsion fracture Impacted fracture Fracture dislocation

10. GREENSTICK FRACTURE A  greenstick fracture  is a   fracture  in a young, soft bone in which the bone bends and breaks. Greenstick fractures usually occur most often during infancy and childhood when bones are soft. The name is by analogy with green (i.e., fresh) wood which similarly breaks on the outside when bent.

11. TRANSVERSE FRACTURE A transverse fracture is a specific type of broken bone where the break is at a right angle to the long plane of the bone. Transverse fractures most often occur as the result of a strong force applied perpendicular to the long axis of a bone

12. Oblique fracture An  oblique fracture  is a relatively common  fracture  in which the bone breaks diagonally.  Oblique fractures  can vary in severity, depending on what bone is affected and how large the break is.  Oblique fractures  tend to occur on longer bones like the femur or tibia.

13. Spiral fracture A  spiral fracture  is a bone  fracture  that occurs when a long bone is broken by a twisting force. It usually takes a combination of surgery, rest, and physical therapy to recover 

14. Comminuted fracture A  comminuted fracture  is a break or splinter of the bone into more than two fragments. Since considerable force and energy is required to fragment bone,  fractures  of this degree occur after high-impact trauma such as in vehicular accidents.

15. depressed fracture A  depressed  skull  fracture  is a type of  fracture  usually resulting from blunt force trauma, such as getting struck with a hammer, rock or getting kicked in the head. These types of   fractures —which occur in 11% of severe head injuries—are comminuted  fractures  in which broken bones displace inward.

16. avulsion fracture An  avulsion fracture  is a bone  fracture  which occurs when a fragment of bone tears away from the main mass of bone as a result of physical trauma.

17. Impacted fracture An  impacted fracture  occurs when the broken ends of the bone are jammed together by the force of the injury.

18. Dislocated fracture Fracture – dislocation , a severe injury in which both  fracture  and  dislocation  take place simultaneously. Frequently, a loose piece of bone remains jammed between the ends of the  dislocated  bones and may have to be removed surgically before the  dislocation  can be reduced.

19. ALL IN ONE- SUMMARY

20. Salter–Harris fracture  is a fracture that involves the  epiphyseal plate or growth plate  of a bone, specifically the zone of provisional calcification. It is a form of  child bone fracture . It is a common injury found in children, occurring in 15% of childhood long bone fractures. This type of fracture and its classification system is named for  Robert B. Salter  and  William H. Harris

21. HOW TO REMEMBER ???

22. HOW TO DESCRIBE A FRACTURE?? OLD ACIDS

23. MANAGEMENT FIRST AID ANALGESIA - PAIN MANAGEMENT STABLIZATION / IMMOBILISATION REDUCATION -IF DISPLACED. REPAIR