Freight Transport and autonomous trucking.pptx

Future logistics and use of autonomous trucking

1. AUTONOMOUS FREIGHT TRANSPORT & INTERMODAL LOGISTICS​

2. Agenda Introduction ​. Autonomous trucks and platooning technology ​. Highway infrastructure and traffic management systems​. Intermodal logistics​. Air freight | Drones | Air Taxis .

3. 01 Introduction Importance of the trucking industry: Road freight transport is the backbone of the trade. Trucks carry 77% of freight transport over land in Europe. Trucks function as a part of the logistics chain connecting different modes of transport with each other. The other modes of transportation also depend on trucks for the delivery of the good to ports/hubs and distribution centers.

4. 01 Introduction Facts : Trucks generate an annual trade surplus of €5 billion for the EU. There are over 6.2 million trucks in circulation throughout the European Union. During the year 2021, 289,316 new trucks were sold in EU. (16.8% increase from 2020) Only 0.5% of the new trucks sold are electrically powered (electric, plug-in hybrid). Only 0.2% of all the trucks on the road are electrically powered. The average age of Europe’s trucks is 13.9 years.

5. 01 Introduction Risk associated with the trucking industry : Road safety: Trucks account for 14.2% of the fatal road crashes in EU. Shortage of drivers: Currently there is a shortage of 380,000 truck drivers. (10% of total demand) Emissions: Overspending increases the emissions. (Direct relation) Delays: Speeding and reckless driving, d istracted driving, fatigue and intoxication

6. Autonomous trucks and platooning technology 02 Autonomous trucking system : An autonomous trucking system is a system that allows trucks to operate without human input. It uses a variety of sensors, such as cameras, radar, and lidar, to perceive the surrounding environment, and then uses sophisticated algorithms to make decisions about how to navigate and operate the truck safely. The autonomous trucking systems are independent systems, they can be installed on any truck. : Truck automation system providers :

7. Autonomous trucks and platooning technology 02 Truck automation system providers : Company Technology Testing location Distance covered Deployment TuSimple L4 + Cybermap Lidar, radar, cameras Arizona, California, Texas 10 Million Miles 2023 Aurora Lidar, radar, cameras California, Texas N/A 2023 Plus Lidar, radar, cameras California, Nevada N/A 2024 MAN Truck & Bus Lidar, radar, cameras Germany N/A 2024

8. Autonomous trucks and platooning technology 02 Technology : Antenna HD Camera (1000 m) Lidar (200 m) Radar (300 m) CPU Starring/controlling system

9. Autonomous trucks and platooning technology. 360 ° P erception range system

10. Autonomous trucks and platooning technology 02 Network : The control tower controls all the trucks operating in the network. Autonomous trucks provides point to point logistics services. For last mile delivery the system relies on other modes of transport.

11. Autonomous trucks and platooning technology 02 Platooning Technology : Several trucks form an automated convoy with the lead truck controlling the rest of the trucks.

12. Autonomous trucks and platooning technology 02 Benefits of using autonomous trucks : + Help to maintain constant speed. + Increase fuel efficiency. + Lower fuel emissions. + Reduce operational costs. + Trucks can be operated 24/7. + Significant reduction in delivery lead times. + Helpful for platooning technology, in maintaining a constant speed within a convoy. + Helpful to navigate the trucks more effectively and efficiently. + Helpful to avoid traffic jams and accidents. + Increase overall efficiency of the logistics network.

13. Highway infrastructure and traffic management system 03 LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) uses lasers to create a 3D map of the surroundings. It is very accurate and can detect objects at long ranges. LiDAR is particularly useful for detecting traffic signals, which can be difficult for cameras to see in certain conditions.  Radar (Radio Detection and Ranging) uses radio waves to detect objects and measure their distance and velocity. Radar is less accurate than LiDAR, but it has a longer range and can penetrate through fog and other obstructions. Radar is useful for detecting other vehicles, pedestrians, and other objects on the road.  Cameras provide a high-resolution view of the surroundings. They are good at detecting and classifying objects, such as traffic signs, lane markings, and other vehicles.

14. Highway infrastructure and traffic management system 03 Electric Trucks Necessity to u pgrade the whole fleet  high initial costs. Necessity to upgrade the infrastructure  hybrid trucks are needed until countries have enough charging infrastructure available for companies to buy / spaces for companies to build charging stations and hubs. Cost of battery production and emissions in the production process will increase the overall impact on the environment. Limited life span of batteries  need to invest in recycling facilities and processes in the long run. Limited range  significant route changes and using different modes of transport necessary. Requires hours to charge the batteries  more trucks necessary as backup. Lack of charging infrastructure  uncertainty as to how road transport will fare against other modes of transport Electric vs Conventional Trucks Conventional Trucks Eco-friendly fuel can be used to reduce emissions (biofuels, hydrogen). We can use the existing fuel supply chain to supply bio- fuels. No need to invest heavily in infrastructure development and electric trucks. Autonomous trucking systems are helpful to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. (There is a direct relationship between truck speed, fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions). Disadvantages: Severe impact on the environment and possible subject to prohibitive legislation and / or tarrifs in future.

15. Intermodal logistics 04 Implementation: Identify strategic locations: Analyze transportation routes and demand to determine optimal hub locations.  Infrastructure development: Invest in the necessary infrastructure, such as loading docks, storage facilities, technology for seamless transfers, and charging/ refuelling stations. Integration with logistics systems: Ensure that intermodal hubs are integrated with logistics and supply chain management systems for efficient operations.  Strategy 1: Utilize intermodal logistics hubs Objective:  Establish strategically located intermodal hubs designed for efficient loading and unloading of goods between different modes of transport. These hubs should incorporate advanced technology to accommodate autonomous vehicles and seamlessly connect with shipping and railway systems.  Benefits:  + Improved transfer efficiency: Intermodal hubs reduce cargo handling time and streamline the transfer of goods between different transportation modes.  + Integration with autonomous vehicles: Intermodal hubs can be equipped with infrastructure to support autonomous vehicle operations, including battery changing / charging stations or refuelling stations.  + Reduced congestion: Concentrating transfers at hubs can help alleviate traffic congestion in urban areas. 

16. Intermodal logistics 04 Implementation: IoT deployment: Install IoT sensors on autonomous vehicles and transportation infrastructure to collect relevant data.  AI development: Develop AI models to process data, predict maintenance requirements, and optimize transportation routes.  Integration with logistics platforms: Ensure seamless integration of the tracking system with existing logistics and supply chain management software.  Strategy 2: Develop advanced tracking systems (IoT and AI) Objective:  Create an advanced tracking system that leverages Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies to monitor and manage the movement of goods across various modes of transport.  Benefits:  + Real-time visibility: IoT sensors and AI algorithms provide real-time data on cargo location and condition, enhancing supply chain visibility.  + Predictive analytics: AI can predict maintenance needs for autonomous vehicles, optimizing their performance and reducing downtime.  + Route optimization: AI can analyze data to optimize routes, reducing travel time, fuel consumption, and environmental impact. 

17. Intermodal logistics 04 Implementation: Collaborative development: Engage with stakeholders, including autonomous vehicle manufacturers, transportation companies, and government agencies, to establish regulatory frameworks that complement and build on each other's ideas.  Pilot programs: Initiate pilot programs to test and refine regulatory approaches while collecting real-world data.  Ongoing updates: Continuously update regulations to accommodate advancements in autonomous vehicle technology and address emerging challenges.  Strategy 3: Regulatory reformation Objective:  Establish comprehensive regulations and standards that enable the safe and efficient operation of autonomous vehicles within traditional transportation systems. These regulations should address safety, operational protocols, and liability in case of accidents or mishaps.  Key Considerations:  Safety standards: Develop safety standards specific to autonomous vehicles, including design, technology, and operational requirements.  Liability frameworks: Define liability frameworks to determine responsibility in the event of accidents involving autonomous vehicles.  Interoperability: Ensure that autonomous vehicles can interact effectively with existing transportation infrastructure. 

18. Intermodal logistics 04 Implementation: Data sharing agreements: Establish protocols for sharing data among stakeholders while addressing data ownership, data privacy, and data security concerns.  Collaborative platforms: Implement platforms or systems that facilitate secure and real-time communication and data exchange among different parties.  Training and education: Ensure that all stakeholders are trained and educated on collaborative logistics practices and tools and make its importance a strategic priority. Strategy 4: Collaborative logistics planning Objective:    Promote collaboration among logistics service providers, autonomous vehicle operators, and traditional transport system operators to enhance efficiency in route planning, scheduling, and real-time decision-making.  Benefits:  + Reduced congestion: Collaborative planning can optimize routes, reducing traffic congestion and improving overall transportation system efficiency.  + Resource optimization: Sharing data and resources leads to better allocation of vehicles and personnel, improving efficiency and reducing costs. + Enhanced customer service: Improved coordination allows for faster response times and better service for customers, potentially boosting revenues. 

19. 05 Air freight | Drones | Air Taxis Relevance of drones compared to other modes of transport: According to McKinsey, drones might become competitive with other transport modes when it comes to their unit delivery costs and emissions. The cost of drone delivery consists of up to 95% labor costs, because most regions state that one observer can only operate one drone at a time.   If these regulations change and operators are able to change focus from observing airspace to operating drones, as well as when the number of drones per operator increases significantly, then drones will be cost-competitive with other modes of transport. For this to happen, it needs the development of new technologies and advancements in regulations.

20. 05 Air freight | Drones | Air Taxis Future air taxi providers in Germany                 Legislation in Germany regarding air taxis The  “Unmanned Aircraft Systems and Innovative Aviation Strategies”  Action Plan of the  Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure  (May 2020) contains important information on unmanned aircraft legislation and the intention to use the potential of this industry. Key aspects of the market for UAS include: Market for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) is 127 billion USD annually. The German commercial market for drones grew by 21 percent in the first six months of 2020 compared to the same period the previous year.  According to the European Parliament, civil drone technology could make up for approximately 10 percent of the EU’s aviation market in the next ten years. The federal government wants Germany to become a lead market for the development of new innovative UAS technology while establishing high safety standards. This includes building eVTOL (electric vertical take-off and landing) aerodromes and also using existing aerodromes for trials and regular flight operations.

21. 05 Air freight | Drones | Air Taxis From the Newsroom @ Lilium “Lilium Starts Assembly of the Lilium Jet's Revolutionary Electric Propulsion System.” Assembly facilities are based in Wessling (GER). Goal to achieve the first manned flight of the aircraft in 2024. Propulsion subsystems were tested extensively. They are developed and built in cooperation with suppliers Denso, Honeywell, Aeronamic , and SKF. Unmanned flights will be conducted with passengers in NRW, Florida, and Bavaria in future. Lilium plans this for 2025.

22. 05 Air freight | Drones | Air Taxis From the Newsroom @ Volocopter " Volocopter brings urban air mobility to life." In 2023, Volocopter achieved the following: Collaboration with ADAC in Germany to save lives to customize electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft ( eVTOLs ) for rescue services (2 VoloCity aircraft with intention to buy 150 additional volocopters ). Collaboration with NEOM (Saudi Arabia) to provide safe electric air taxi flights in Saudi Arabia. Agreement with Bristow to buy 2 Volocopter VoloCity aircraft, and the option to buy another 78 aircraft, bringing UAM Services to the US and the UK. Completion of production setup for electric air taxis (capacity and approval to assemble over 50 VoloCity  aircraft each year) in Bruchsal , GER.

23. Thank you for your attention!