Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) transfusion.pptx

Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) transfusion.pptx

1. Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) Presenter Muhammad Umair

2. Introduction What is Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)? Definition: FFP is plasma that has been separated from whole blood and frozen within 8 hours of collection to preserve clotting factors. Composition: Contains water, proteins (such as albumin, immunoglobulins), coagulation factors, electrolytes, and fibrinogen. Storage: Kept at -18°C or colder and has a shelf life of up to 1 year

3. Indications for FFP Transfusion 1. Coagulation Factor Deficiencies Used in patients with multiple coagulation factor deficiencies, particularly in liver disease, DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation), and warfarin overdose . 2. Massive Transfusion Protocol Administered in cases of severe trauma or major surgery where significant blood loss occurs. 3. Plasma Exchange in TTP (Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura) Essential in treating TTP to replace deficient ADAMTS13 enzyme .

4. Indications for FFP Transfusion . Reversal of Warfarin Indicated for rapid reversal of warfarin in patients with active bleeding or in preparation for emergency surgery. 5. Specific Coagulation Disorders Such as Factor V and XI deficiencies when specific concentrates are not available.

5. Contraindications 1. Volume Expansion Alone FFP should not be used solely for volume expansion or to increase albumin levels. 2. Prophylactic Use in Surgery without Coagulopathy Not indicated in patients undergoing surgery without documented coagulopathy. 3. Immunoglobulin Deficiency FFP is not a substitute for intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in patients with immunoglobulin deficiency. 4. Allergies or Reactions to Plasma Proteins Patients with known allergies to plasma proteins should avoid FFP

6. Method of Transfusion 1. Pre-Transfusion Preparation Ensure cross-matching and compatibility testing. Obtain informed consent from the patient. Thaw FFP at 37°C in a water bath or a microwave thawing device . 2. Transfusion Process Administer FFP through a blood filter (170-260 microns) to remove clots and debris. Infuse within 4 hours of thawing to maintain efficacy. Monitor the patient for signs of transfusion reactions . 3. Dosage and Rate Typically, 10-20 mL/kg of body weight, adjusted based on the patient’s clinical condition. Infusion rate is usually 10-30 minutes per unit, but it can vary depending on the clinical situation.

7. Complications of FFP Transfusion 1. Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) A rare but serious complication characterized by acute respiratory distress. 2. Allergic Reactions Ranging from mild urticaria to severe anaphylaxis. 3. Volume Overload Risk of fluid overload, especially in patients with heart failure or renal impairment . 4. Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO) Occurs when the volume of transfused blood products exceeds the patient's cardiovascular capacity. 5. Transmission of Infectious Diseases Despite rigorous screening, there is a small risk of transmission of viruses like HIV, HBV, HCV, and others.

8. Monitoring and Post-Transfusion Care 1. Patient Monitoring Vital signs should be closely monitored before, during, and after transfusion. Watch for signs of adverse reactions, such as fever, chills, or respiratory distress. 2. Documentation Record the amount of FFP given, the patient's response, and any adverse effects. 3. Follow-up Post-transfusion lab tests may be needed to assess the effectiveness (e.g., PT, aPTT , INR) .

9. Summary FFP is vital for managing coagulopathies and other critical conditions. Proper indications and careful monitoring are crucial to avoid complications. Contraindications should be strictly followed to prevent unnecessary risks .