Fresh water prawn farming

Fresh water prawn farming

1. WELCOME

2. FRESH WATER PRAWN FARMING NAME OF SPEAKER MAJOR ADVISOR VARUN MISHRA DR. S . K. SHARMA

3. INTRODUCTION Although India has vast freshwater resources they are not fully exploited except for carps and cat fish culture. Hence there is urgent need to expand our production base. Need to utilize our natural resources productively to ensure the much needed food security. Considering the high export potential, the giant fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii , the scampi, enjoys immense potential for culture in India.

4. Historical background Although reared in captivity from time immemorial, modern farming of this species originated in the early 1960s when FAO expert Shao-Wen Ling, working in Malaysia, found that freshwater prawn ( Macrobrachium rosenbergii ) larvae required brackish conditions for survival. By 1972 the Hawaiian team led by Takuji Fujimura had developed mass rearing techniques for commercial-scale hatchery production of prawn post larvae (PL).

5. The introduction of broodstock , initially from Hawaii and Thailand, into non-indigenous areas around the world began in the 1970s. This development spawned the first commercial farms in Hawaii. Both Thailand and Taiwan Province of China became pioneers in modern giant river prawn culture.

6. Present status Global production had increased to over 200, 000 tones/yr, with Thailand and China being the major producers. In India Scampi production rose from a mere 6000t in 2000 to 40,000t in 2005 and by 2010 fell back to 10,800t as per FAO data.

7. Main producer countries Source: FAO

8. Fish Production in the world and India (million tonnes )

9. Fish Production in India

10. Scientific name: Macrobrachium rosenbergii De Man, 1879 Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Arthropoda Class : Crustacea Order : Decapoda Family : Palaemonidae Genus : Macrobrachium Species : rosenbergii

11. Species diversity On worldwide basis, 49 species of Genus Macrobrachium are of interest to the fisheries. At least 15 species are suitable for aquaculture. Over 30 species of this genus have been reported from Indian waters. Out of which M . rosenbergii , M . malcomsonii and M . gangeticum are favoured in aquaculture.

12. Why culture Scampi ? Compatibility for polyculture. Hardy and less disease prevalence. Potential market- good demand for their taste flavor, bigger size.Their market demand@350-400Rs/kg. Fast growth rate 50-60g within 6-7 months. Diverse culture area- can withstand and grow in brackish water area also( up to 5 ppt). Attain sexual maturity when 140-150mm long and 30-40g weight. Omnivore.

13. Seed availability in nature The breeding takes place in low saline waters, estuaries, which is also needed for larval and post larval development after incubation. For ensuring availability of quality seed in predictable quantity freshwater prawn hatcheries should be encouraged, technology for which is already developed. Freshwater prawn hatcheries are coming up in many states.

14. Seed quality Healthy seed is light brown in color. PL5-PL10 is ideal for transportation and stocking in scampi culture Temperature of 22-25 Cis better for transportation of seed to get good survival

15. Nursery stocking Direct stocking of seed to pond is not preferred because of abnormal size variation and high cannibalism Seed will be stocked in nursery pond for 30 to 45 days Indoor nurseries are stocked at 1 000-2 000 PL/m³ , depending on culture condition. Outdoor nurseries may be stocked with newly metamorphosed PL or with juveniles from an indoor nursery @ 1 000/m² PL, 200/m² small juveniles (0.02 g) or

16. Site selection The aspects to be considered are Topography of the area, The area should be free from pollution and flooding. Other considerations like approach roads etc. have also to be taken into account. Proper water and soil quality.

17. Soil quality parameters   Parameter Range Soil type Sandy loam/Sandy clay   pH 6.5 - 7.0   Organic Carbon 1 - 1.5  per cent    Available phosphorous 3 - 6 mg/100 g soil   Available nitrogen 25 - 50 mg/ 100 g soil   Available potassium 1-2  per cent

18. Water quality parameters Temperature 28 -31 0C   pH 7 .0 - 8.5   Dissolved Oxygen 3 - 7 ppm   Salinity 0-20 ppt   Total Hardness (CaCO3 ) 30 - 150 ppm   Colour Light green   Transparency 30 - 35 cm   Iron < 2.00 ppm  

19. Pond Construction Rectangular ponds are suitable mainly from the harvesting point of view. A convenient width is 30-50 m , whereas length of the pond depends on site, topography and farm layout. Normally a size of 0.5 to 1.5 ha is found suitable. The average depth of the ponds should be 0.9m with a minimum of 0.75m and a maximum of 1.2m.

20. Bund must have a freeboard of at least 60 cm above the highest water level in the pond. Designing and layout of the farms may be done keeping in view the water intake and water outlet facilities. The drainage system should be designed carefully to prevent mixing of outlet water with incoming water.

21. Stocking density Varies from 4000 to 50000 nos. of post larvae per ha depending on the type and intensity of the management practices. The culture system may be monoculture or polyculture with carps. In case of polyculture with carps the more pond depth is preferred at 4-5 feet. stocking density of prawn may vary from 2500-20000 post larvae . The carp fingerlings may be of the order of 2500 - 5000 Nos.

22. Feeding The rate of feeding is determined by stage of growth water quality density of stock and other manuring practices. Generally the feeding rate may be 5% of the body weight. The prawns are fed commercial or "farm-made" feeds Either fed moist or (usually) after sun-drying. Feeds with 5% lipid and 30-35 % protein

23. Culture period 6 to 12 months depending on the type of culture practice. monoculture 6-8 months Polyculture 8-12 months Males grow faster and females mature very early even at 3 to 4 months. The average growth may range from 50 to 200 gms depending on the duration, density, water quality, feeding etc. The survival rate may range 50% to 70% depending on the type of management practices.

24. Diseases and control measures The major disease problems occur because of poor intake water treatment husbandry overcrowding poor sanitation The measures to combat these problems are referred to as improved husbandry. Immuno -stimulants and other agents which improve the non specific immunity can be used as disease prophylaxis method.

25. Harvesting Basically there are two methods of harvesting: culling (cull harvesting) draining (drain-harvesting). Time to harvest depends partly on growth rate and marketable size range. Cull-harvesting is used to harvest market-sized animals from the pond at intervals and removes the faster growing prawns. In tropical ponds cull-harvesting usually starts 5-7 months after PL have been stocked. After cull-harvesting commences, totally seine each pond once per month or partially seine it twice per month . After about 8-11 months, drain the pond and sell the whole harvest.

26. Drawbacks Labour cost Problems associated with repeated harvesting(cull harvesting), disturbing the pond bottom. Possible infections while performing claw ablation. Intensive farming of Scampi is never possible due to Cannibalism.

27. THANK YOU