From Fibers To Force | muscles and components

Muscles

1. From Fibers To Force:
Muscle Dynamics
Presented By :
Muhammad Sohail Khan
Abdullah Khan
Assalamualikum
Made By: Muhammad Sohail Khan

2. What are Muscles?
A muscle is a tissue, composed of fibers, capable of contraction.
Based on location, there are Skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles
& smooth muscles.
Based on control, there are Voluntary & Involuntary Muscles.
Based on structure, there are Striated & non striated muscles.
Made By: Muhammad Sohail Khan

3. Skeletal Muscles
These muscles are Voluntary, Striated, Multinucleated
& responsible for movement of skeleton.
These muscles have a mid-body & two ends.
Mid-body is contractible and the two ends have tendons
for attachment on bones.
Tendons allow transmission of force to produce movement.
Made By: Muhammad Sohail Khan

4. Properties of Skeletal Muscles
Contractility: Capacity to shorten on stimulation.
Excitability: To respond to motor stimuli.
Extensibility: To extend without damage.
Elasticity: Ability to return to original shape.
Plasticity: Ability to adapt changes in demand.
Made By: Muhammad Sohail Khan

5. Functional Classification
Agonists: Prime movers, responsible for specific movements.
Antagonists: Oppose the actions of agonist muscles.
Synergists: Assists agonists in performing a movement.
Fixators: Stabilize the origin of agonists for effective movements.
Agonists
Antagonists
Made By: Muhammad Sohail Khan

6. Elbow Flexion
Fixators
(rotator cuff muscles)
Agonists
(Biceps)
Antagonists
(Triceps)
Synergists
(Brachialis)
Made By: Muhammad Sohail Khan

7. Muscle Tone
Muscle tone is the amount of tension in the muscle or
resistance to the movement of the muscle.
In the resting state a muscle has a residual tone.
The condition in which muscle tone is increased is called Spasticity.
The condition in which muscle tone is decreased is called Flaccidity.
Made By: Muhammad Sohail Khan

8. Connective Tissue Layers & Fascia
Endomysium: Surrounds each individual muscle fibers.
Perimysium: Encases bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles.
Epimysium: Encloses the entire muscle.
Superficial Fascia: Separating skin from underlying muscles.
Deep Fascia: Surrounds individual muscles and muscle groups.
Made By: Muhammad Sohail Khan
Endomysium
Perimysium Epimysium

9. Types Of Muscle Fibers
Properties Type-I Type-II a Type-II b
Contraction Speed Slow Fast Very Fast
Metabolic Pathway Oxidative Oxidative & Glycolytic Glycolytic
Fatigue Resistance High Intermediate Low
Force Production Low Moderate High
Mitochondria Density High High Low
Capillary Density High Intermediate Low
Myoglobin Content High Intermediate Low
Size & Color Small & Red Intermediate & Pinkish Large & White
Activity Suitability Endurance
(Long distance running)
Mid distance
activities
(swimming, cycling)
Short burst of power
(sprinting, weightlifting)

10. Fast Twitch
Slow Twitch

11. Types Of Muscle Contraction
Iso-Metric: Muscle generates force without changing length & no visible
movement occurs. e.g. Holding a Plank position.
Iso-Tonic: Muscle changes length during contraction, causing
movement. e.g. Lifting a dumbbell during bicep curl.
Iso-Kinetic: Muscle changes length at a constant speed through out the
entire range of motion, typically using specialized equipment. e.g. Using
an iso-kinetic exercise machine to perform leg extensions.