From Trade to Territory, History class 8 cbse

A presentation useful to the 8th graders in the cbse stream.

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* Aurungzeb, last
Mughal emperor-
died in 1707.
* Subedars declared
independence
* Many regional
kingdoms


Aurungzeb

3. East India company
In 1600 AD
Got charter from Queen
Elizabeth- monopoly
over trade
No other company
Goods at cheaper rate
High profit
As a mercantile Trading
company (trading co.
for making profit)
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4. EE Company
traders
followed the
same sea
route of Vasco
De Gama to
reach India
from Europe.
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6. East India company begins trade in Bengal

• First English factory – set up on the banks of river
Hugli in 1651.
• Factory had warehouse –goods were stored for
export –
• Company persuaded merchants and trader to
settle near the factory.
• 2 years later, bribed Mughal officials, obtained
zamindari rights over 3 villages
•Company to trade duty free.
•Officials of the company carried on private trade
for which they refused to pay duty resulting in to
loss revenue for Bengal
• Protest of Murshid Quli Khan, Diwan
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8. Trade to Battles
• Murshid Quli Khan was followed by
Alivardi Khan and then Siraj-ud-daulah as
the Nawab of Bengal, all strong rulers.
• Refused concessions to company,
demanded large tributes for Co. right to
trade, denied right to mint coins and
stopped it from extending its fortifications.
• Trade of the company could flourish only if
the duties were removed.
• Conflicts led to the famous battle of
Plassey, 1757
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10. Battle of Plassey
• In 1756, Siraj-ud-daluah became
Nawab of Bengal.
• Company wanted a puppet ruler
•Siraj-ud-daluah marched with 30,000
soldiers to the English factory at
Kassim bazar, captured the company
officials, locked warehouse, disarmed
Englishman
•On hearing the news of the fall of
Calcutta, co. officials in Madras sent
forces under Robert Clive.
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12. In 1757 Robert Clive led the
company army against Siraj-ud-
daulah at Plassey
• Main reason for the defeat- Mir
Jafar never fought the battle
• Clive secured his support- to
make him Nawab
• Battle of Plassey became famous
because it was the first major
victory for Co. in India .
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15. * After the defeat at Plassey Siraj-ud-
daulah was assassinated and Mir Jafar
became the Nawab.
•Co. was unwilling to take responsibility,
prime objective was to expand trade.
•Later when Mir Qasim complained, he
was defeated in a battle fought at
Buxar (1764) driven out of Bengal,
•Nawab had to pay 500,000 every
month but the company wanted more
money, more territories and more
revenue
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16. Company officals become “Nabobs”
• After battle of Plassey actual Nawabs
were forced to give land and vast sum of
money as gifts to Co. officials.
• Clive in 1743 at the age of 18 joined
com. Service and in 1767 when he left his
Indian fortune was worth 401,102.
[As a governor of Bengal in 1764, he was
asked to remove corruption in Co. but he
was cross examined in1772,although he
was acquitted he committed suicide in
1774.]
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17. Co. officials who earned enough wealth
from India return to Britain and led
comfortable life.
• They went back London with
comfortable wealth and were nicknamed
as “nabobs”
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18. CO. RULE EXPANDS
• Co. used variety of political, economical
and diplomatic methods to expand its
influence.
• After the battle of Bauxar (1764) the
company appointed Residents in Indian
States
• Their job was to serve the interests of
the Co.
• Through residents, the Co began to
interfere in internal affairs of Indian states
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19. Co. forced the states into a subsidiary
alliance.
• According to it, Indian rulers were not
allowed to have their independent armed
force
• They were to be protected by the
company, but had to pay for the
subsidiary forces
• If Indian rulers failed to pay, their
territory was taken as penalty. eg:Nawab
of Awadh 1801 & Hyderabad [Governor
general Richard Wellesley]
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21. DOCTRINE OF LAPSE
Lord Dalhousie, GG 1848- 56
Any Indian king, without a male legal
heir, would lapse.
1848- Satara 1850- Sambalpur
1852 – Udaipur 1853- Nagpur
1854 – Jhansi 1855 – Awadh
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23. War with Marathas
• With their defeat in the third battle of
Panipat in 1761, the Marathas dream
of ruling from Delhi was shattered.
• They were divided into many states
under different chiefs such as Sindhia,
Holkar, Gaikwad, and Bhonsale.
• Chiefs were held together in a
Confederacy under a Peshwa, military
and Administrative head based at Pune.
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24. • Marathas were subdued in a series
of wars
• In the first war that ended in 1782
with the Treaty of Salbai, there was no
clear victory
• Second Anglo-Maratha war (1803-
05) fought on different fronts, resulting
in the British gaining Orissa and the
territories north of the Yamuna river
including Agra and Delhi.
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25. Finally the third Anglo-
Maratha war of 1817-
19,crushed Maratha power
• Peshwa was removed and
sent to Kanpur with the
pension.
• Co. had full control over
territories south of Vindhyas
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26. Carnatic wars
Mysore –
Anglo Carnatic wars
Tippu sultan
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27. THE CLAIM TO PARAMOUNTCY
• From early 19 C the company
pursued an aggressive policy of
territorial expansion
• Under Lord Hastings, Governor
General (1813-1823) a new policy
of “Paramountcy” was initiated
• Greater than Indian states
• Annexation of any Indian kingdom
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28. When British tried to annex the small
state of Kitoor(karnataka )
RaniChannamma took to arms and led
an anti-British resistance movement •
She was arrested in1824 and died in
prison in1829 • Rayanna poor chowkidar
of Sangoli in Kitoor carried on the
resistance • With support he destroyed
many British camps and records • He
was caught and hanged by the british in
1830

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29. * During the period of Warren Hastings
Co. had 3 provinces: Bengal, Madras & Bombay.
* Under 3 Governors
* One Gov. General. Supreme Officer
* Many reforms:
•1872 new Judicial system- with 2 courts in a district:
Civil [Diwani Adalat] & Criminal [ Foujdari].
• [ Moulavis , Pandits, Indian law] [ Quazi, Mufti]
• both were under district Collector, main officer.
• 1775 Hindu Law was compiled by 11 Pandits, based on
Dharmasastras, into English
•1778 Muslim code was complied
•1773 Supreme court at Calcutta.


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30. ARMY
Changes:
Recruited peasants- trained
professionally
Made Sepoy Army- soldiers with
musket, heavy gun..
Uniform military culture, European
style of training, drill, discipline..

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31. conclution
EEIC from traders to rulers
1857 Com. 63% of territories in
India.
Ruled 78% population
Virtually whole India was under
them.

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34. Pl/ mail your suggestions to :
abdul. shumz@ gmail.com

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