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1. A PRESENTATION ON FLUORIDE TREATMENT PLANT (FRP) BY:-M/s SURYA INTERNATIONAL

2. WHAT IS FLUORIDE REMOVAL/DEFLUORIDATION Defluoridation  is the downward adjustment of the level of fluoride in drinking water. Worldwide, fluoride is one of the most abundant anions present in groundwater. Fluoride is more present in groundwater than surface water mainly due to the leaching of minerals. Groundwater accounts for 98 percent of the earth's potable water. An excess of fluoride in drinking water causes dental fluorosis  and skeletal fluorosis . The World Health Organization has recommended a guideline value of 1.5 mg/L as the concentration above which dental fluorosis is likely. Fluorosis is endemic in more than 20 developed and developing nations. WHAT IS FLUORIDE REMOVAL/DEFLUORIDATION Defluoridation  is the downward adjustment of the level of fluoride in drinking water. Worldwide, fluoride is one of the most abundant anions present in groundwater. Fluoride is more present in groundwater than surface water mainly due to the leaching of minerals. Groundwater accounts for 98 percent of the earth's potable water. An excess of fluoride in drinking water causes dental fluorosis  and skeletal fluorosis . The World Health Organization has recommended a guideline value of 1.5 mg/L as the concentration above which dental fluorosis is likely. Fluorosis is endemic in more than 20 developed and developing nations.

3. IMAGES OF FLUORIDE REMOVAL WTP

4. HISTORY Fluorosis was not identified as a problem until relatively recently. Few attempts to defluoridate water came before the 20th century. In the 1930s several nations began to investigate fluoride's negative effects and how best to remove it. An aluminum and sand filter that removes fluorine from water was devised by Dr. S. P. Kramer in 1933; in 1945 M. Kenneth received a French patent for a water defluoridation technique; and in 1952 a functioning activated alumina community defluoridation plant was commissioned in Bartlett, Texas, USA.

5. TECHNIQUES FOR DEFLUORIDATION Adsorption  can be achieved with locally available adsorbent materials with high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Cost-effective and locally-available herbal and indigenous products offer promising options. The process is dependent on pH and the presence of sulfate, phosphate, and bicarbonate which results in ionic competition. Disposal of fluoride-laden sludge is problematic. Precipitation  is the most well-established and most widely used method, particularly at the community level. However, it has only moderate efficiency and a high chemical dose is required. Excessive use of aluminum salts produces sludge and adverse health effects through aluminum solubility. Ion Exchange  removes fluoride up to 90-95% and retains the taste and color of the water. Sulphates, phosphates, and bicarbonates also result in ionic competition in this method. Relatively high cost is a disadvantage and treated water sometimes has a low pH value and high levels of chloride. Membrane processes  are effective technique and do not require chemicals. It works at wide pH range and interference by other ions is negligible. Negatives include higher costs and it skilled labor. This process is not suitable for water with high salinity. Calcium amended-hydroxyapatite is the most recent defluoridation technique in which aqueous calcium is amended to the fluoride contaminated water prior to contact with uncalcined synthetic hydroxyapatite adsorbent.

6. OUR DESIGN

7. DESIGN FOR 8000 LPH FLUORIDE REMOVAL UNIT 3PPM DE-FLUORIDATION UNIT - 02 NOS. Vessel DESIGN THROUGHPUT FLOW 8KLPH=8 M3/HR Quantity of fluoride effected water to be handled by the DFU on hourly basis

8. PUROLITE SSTC60-AL DESCRIPTION AND DESIGN CALCULATIONS   Ty p e P o l y st y rene c ro s sl i n k e d w i th d i v in y l b e n zene Pro v i d e d the s a m e. Si z e = 0.3 to 1 . 2 mm Go o d s i ze f o r f l u o r id e r em o val a p p l i ca t i on Fl u o r i d e remo v al ca p ac it y = 5 g/ l i t Pro d u ct data s h eet o f SS T C 6 a n d CS I R a p p ro v al c e r ti f i cate atta c h ed Max Fl u or i d e c on t e n t = 3 m g/l ( as p er c o nd i ti o n) Ou tlet P a ra m et e r as p e r d r i nk i n g w ater N orm Fl u o r i d e co n tent to b e r e m o v e d on hour l y b a s i s. = 8000 x 2 mg/ h r = 16000 mg/ h r = 16 g/hr F l ow mul t i ply b y m a x. F l uo r i de co n tent w i ll p rov i de the f lu oride co n tents t o be r em o ved on h o u r l y b as i s. Fl u o r i d e co n tent to b e r e m o v e d on d ai l y b as i s = 16g/hr x 8hrs = 128g Co n s i d e r i n g 8 h r s p er d a y pl a n t R unnin g Q ua n t i t y of r e s i n r e qu i red = 400 l i t Des i g n Ba si s 20 B V / H r In f er e nce We h a ve p ro v id ed 3 7 2 F R P ves s el as S a n d fi l ter ve s sel f o r TSS a n d f o ll o w e d by 3072 in ch FRP v es s el f o r P ur o li t e SS T C60 r es i n f o r F l u or i d e r e m o v al FRU ve s sel i s s u i t able f o r at 15 day work i n g a n d t h en ta k e n f o r r e g en e ra t i on w i t h A l u m H e i g h t o f S S TC 60 R es i n 8 75 mm As p e r d es i g n calc u l a t i ons H e i g h t o f ot h er me di a 2 25 mm As p e r d es i g n calc u l a t i ons

9. Free b o a rd = ( 875m m +2 2 5m m ) x . 5 m m = 550mm 50% of b e d dep t h Ves s el Stra i ght h eig h t = 1100 + 5 5 m m = 1650 mm In f er e nce We h a ve p ro v id ed 1 8 3 2 mm H O S V es s el SUIT A BLE Puroli t e S S T C 60 r es i n d en s i t y = 780 - 820 g / l it A s p er m anu f a c tu r ers s p ec i f i c at i on Vo l ume o c c u p ied by r esin = 400 l i t Total qu a nt i ty of res i n D i ame t e r of v ess e l r e qu i r e d Re q ui r ed fl o w = 8kl p h S e r v i c e flow v e l o cit y =18 m / h r A r e a = 8 /18= . 4 44 m 2 = Ö ( 0.4 4 4 / p /4)=0.752m Diame t er = Ö (Ar e a / p /4) We have ta k en v e s sel wi t h . 762 diame t er or 3 i n ches H O S of t h e vessel = 1650 mm ( r e q u ired as B D t a ken 0.875 m) = 1832 mm provided . 8 7 5 mm B D + 5 0% fre e boa r d In f erence We have prov id e d 2 v e s s e ls o ne 3072 for m u l t i grade f i l t er & one 3 72 ve s sel a s FRU. S U IT A BLE CONTINUED…

10.  In PSF we have taken 1000mm bed depth of 3072 vessel thus media quantity will be = 0.456*1*1.5*1000= 684kg. 1. Gravels 300 kg. 2. Plain Sand 300 kg 3. Mno2 100kg.   In FRU we are taking 225mm bed depth of 3072 vessel the media quantity will be = 0.456*0.225*1.5*1000=154kg. 1. Gravels 105 kg. 2. Quartz 70 kg.   Thus Total BOQ in 8000lph plant will be:- 1. Gravels- 405kg. 2. Plain Sand 300 kg 3. Mno2 100kg 4. Quartz 70 kg 5. Purolite SSTC 60 - 400 L   SAND MEDIA CALCULATION

11.   Case - 1 : Contamination Level 3 ppm = 2 mg/l X 8000 l/hr X 8 hr = 128 g/day   Note - 1. Assume media capacity as 5 gms /lit with 400 lit resin total capacity of resin is 2000 gm   2. Treated water Fluoride level = 1.0 ppm      So for fluoride concentration of 3.0 ppm media will last for 15 days (Media Regeneration frequency)     CONTINUED…

12. The counterflow -flow regeneration technique is normally made up of 5 steps and typically takes between 1 and 2 hours depending on the detailed design.   The first step of counter flow-flow regeneration is backwash. The backwash water enters the unit through the bottom collection / distribution system, loosening the bed and causing the bed to expand as the water passes up through it. After the backwash a “bed settle” step is required. The bed settle allows the resin to settle back and reform the static bed prior to regenerant injection. Alum should be introduced at flow rates of 2 to 4 BV/h (0.25 to 0.5 gpm/ft3) and at concentrations of 10 %. The contact time between the resin and the regenerant solution should be minimum 30 minutes. Good contact between the Regenerate solution and the resin is essential for optimum performance. The regeneration level will typically be as high as 120 g/l are sometimes employed The slow (regenerant displacement) rinse is always carried out at flow rates similar to the injection step. This is to ensure a uniform contact time between the resin and the regenerant solution and that the rinse water follows the same route of the regenerant through the resin bed. The final rinse is often carried out at the service flow rate. This also acts as a proving condition prior to returning to service after regeneration.  DETAILS OF REGENERATION

13. S l No S t e p T i m e C h e m i ca l 1 B a ck w a s h 1 5- 2 m i n F f ree w a t e r 2 B e d S e t t l i n g 10 m in 3 Reg e nera n t I n j 30 m in A lum 4 S l o w Ri n se 20 m in F free w a t e r 5 Fast R i n se 10 m in R aw w a t er

14. ABOUT 2 VESSEL FLUORIDE REMOVAL PROJECT As seen from the map, almost all states in India have districts where ground water contains excess levels of FLOURIDE. Fluoride can cause FLUOROSIS. Our suggested Fluoride filtration Model can remove FLUORIDE from raw water easily.   2 nos. Fibre -reinforced plastic filter vessels are used in this project.   1st Step Treatment  MULTI GRADE SAND FILTER FOR SUSPENDED PARTICLE REMOVAL in 3072 inch FRP vessel.  Media Sand : graded sand supported by layers of graded under bed consisting of pebbles and silex, a top distributor to distribute the incoming water uniformly throughout the cross section of the filter, and an under drain system to collect filtered water. It remove all type of Sedimentation, Mud, Suspended particles etc.   2nd Step Treatment  In this step Selective fluoride removal resin Purolite SSTC60 in 3072 inch FRP vessel is used to remove dissolved Fluoride ions from water by selective ion exchange method. It takes on the Fluoride ions from the water and exchanges with other anions. The resin can be regenerated in the site but using normal softener valves and very easy to maintain. Minimum life of the resin is 5 years and it can go beyond.

15. DESIGN FOR 12000 LPH FLUORIDE REMOVAL UNIT   D E- FL U O RID A TION U N I T - 2 N O S . Ves s el DE S I G N T H RO U GHP U T F L OW 12 K L H = 12 M 3 / HR Quan t i t y of f l u o r ide e f fected w ater to be h a n dled by the D F U on h o urly bas i s

16. PUROLITE SSTC60-AL DESCRIPTION AND DESIGN CALCULATIONS   Type P olys t y r ene c ro s slinked w i th d i v i ny l b e n z e ne Provided t h e s ame. S i ze = 0.3 to 1 . 2 mm G o o d s ize f or f l u oride re m oval a p p l i ca t ion Fl u o r ide re m o v a l capaci t y = 5 g /l i t Pro d u ct data s h e e t of S S TC 6 0 a n d CSIR app r oval cer t i f i cate at t ached Max F l u ori d e content Fl u o r ide to be remo v ed = 3 m g / l = 2mg/ l i t O ut l et Pa r ame t er as p er d r i nk i n g w ater N o r m Fl u o r ide c ontent to be re m oved on h o u r ly b as i s. = 12000 x 2 mg / hr = 24000 m g /hr = 24 g/hr F l ow m u l t i ply by max. F l u oride co n t e n t w i l l provi d e t h e f l u o r ide co n t e n t s t o be re m o v e d o n H ourly b asis. Fl u o r ide c ontent to be re m oved on da i ly b a sis = 24g/hr x 8hrs = 192g C o n side r i ng 8 hrs p e r d ay p R un n i n g Q u ant i ty of r e s i n required = 600 l i t D esi g n B a sis 2 BV / Hr In f erence We h a ve p ro v id ed 3 6 7 2 F RP ves s el as S a n d fi l ter ve s sel f o r TSS a n d f o ll o w e d 3 672 i n ch FRP ve s s e l s f or P ur o l i te SS T C60 r es i n f o r F l u or i d e r e m o v al Each vessel is s u i t ab l e f o r at 15 day w orking a n d th e n ta k en for regene r ati o n w i t h A lum He i g ht of R esin 9 00 mm As p er desi g n Ca l culations

17. He i g ht of other me d i a 3 00 mm As p er desi g n c a l c u l at i o n s Free b oard minimum = 1200 x . 5 mm = 600 mm 5 % of bed d ep t h Vessel S t raight hei g h t m i n i m um = 1200+6 m m = 1800 mm In f erence We have prov id e d 1832mm H O S vessel SU I T A BLE Puroli t e S S T C 60 r es i n d en s i t y = 780 - 820 g / l it As p er ma n ufa c t u r ers speci f i c at i on Vo l ume o c c u p ied by r esin = 600 l i t T o t al q u a nt i ty of r esin D i ame t e r of v ess e l r e qu i r e d Re q ui r ed fl o w= 12k l ph S e r v i c e flow v e l o cit y =18 m / h r A r e a = 1 2/18= . 666 m2 = Ö ( 0. 6 6 6 / p /4)=0.926m D iame t er = Ö (Ar e a / p /4) We have t ak e n ve s sel wi t h .9 14 d i ame t er or 36 i n ches H O S of t h e vessel = 1800 mm ( requ i r e d a s B D ta k en 1 m) = 1800 mm provided 1 2 00 mm BD + 50% free b oard In f erence We have prov id e d t w o 36 i n ch d i a a n d 7 2 i n c h h e i ght v e s s e l SU I T A BLE CONTINUED…

18. In PSF we have taken 1000mm bed depth of 3672 vessel thus media quantity will be = 0.456*1*1.5*1000= 984kg. 1. Gravels 440 kg. 2. Plain Sand 440 kg 3. Mno2 100kg.  In FRU we are taking 300mm bed depth of 3672 vessel the media quantity will be = 0.656*0.3*1.5*1000=295kg. 1. Gravels 145 kg. 2. Quartz 150 kg.  Thus Total BOQ in 12000lph plant will be:- 1. Gravels- 585kg. 2. Plain Sand 440 kg 3. Mno2 100kg 4. Quartz 150 kg 5. Purolite SSTC 60 - 600 L   Case - 1 : Contamination Level 3 ppm = 2 mg/l X 12000 l/hr X 8 hr = 192 g/day Note - 1. Assume media capacity as 5 gms /lit with 600 lit resin total capacity of resin is 3 Kg  2. Treated water Fluoride level = 1.0 ppm So for fluoride concentration of 3.0 ppm media will last for 15 days (Media Regeneration frequency)                   SAND MEDIA CALCULATION

19.   The counterflow -flow regeneration technique is normally made up of 5 steps and typically takes between 1 and 2 hours depending on the detailed design.  The first step of counter flow-flow regeneration is backwash. The backwash water enters the unit through the bottom collection / distribution system, loosening the bed and causing the bed to expand as the water passes up through it.  After the backwash a “bed settle” step is required. The bed settle allows the resin to settle back and reform the static bed prior to regenerant injection. Alum should be introduced at flow rates of 2 to 4 BV/h (0.25 to 0.5 gpm/ft3) and at concentrations of 10 %. The contact time between the resin and the regenerant solution should be minimum 30 minutes.Good contact between the Regenerate solution and the resin is essential for optimum performance. The regeneration level will typically be as high as 120 g/l are sometimes employed. The slow (regenerant displacement) rinse is always carried out at flow rates similar to the injection step. This is to ensure a uniform contact time between the resin and the regenerant solution and that the rinse water follows the same route of the regenerant through the resin bed. The final rinse is often carried out at the service flow rate. This also acts as a proving condition prior to returning to service after regeneration. DETAILS OF REGENERATION

20. S l No S t e p T i m e C h e m i ca l 1 B a ck w a s h 1 5- 2 m i n F free w a t e r 2 B e d S e t t l i n g 10 m in 3 Reg e nera n t I n j 30 m in A lum 4 S l o w Ri n se 20 m in F free w a t e r 5 Fast R i n se 10 m in R aw w a t er

21. ABOUT 2 VESSEL FLUORIDE REMOVAL PROJECT As seen from the map, almost all states in India have districts where ground water contains excess levels of FLOURIDE. Fluoride can cause FLUOROSIS. Our suggested Fluoride filtration Model can remove FLUORIDE from raw water easily.  2 nos. Fibre-reinforced plastic filter vessels are used in this project.   1st Step Treatment  MULTI GRADE SAND FILTER FOR SUSPENDED PARTICLE REMOVAL in 3672 FRP vessel   Media Sand : graded sand supported by layers of graded under bed consisting of pebbles and silex, a top distributor to distribute the incoming water uniformly throughout the cross section of the filter, and an under drain system to collect filtered water. Its remove all type of Sedimentation, Mud, Suspended particles etc.  2nd Step Treatment  In this step Selective fluoride removal resin Purolite SSTC60 in 4272 inch FRP vessel is used to remove dissolved Fluoride ions from water by selective ion exchange method. It takes on the Fluoride ions from the water and exchanges with other anions. The resin can be regenerated in the site but using normal softener valves and very easy to maintain. Minimum life of the resin is 5 years and it can go beyond.  

22. DESIGN FOR 10000 LPH FLUORIDE REMOVAL UNIT     D E- FL U O RID A TION U N I T - 3 N O S . Ves s el DE S I G N T H RO U GHP U T F L OW 10 K L H = 1 M3 / HR Quan t i t y of f l u o r ide e f fected w ater to be h a n dled by the D F U on h o urly bas i s

23. PUROLITE SSTC60-AL DESCRIPTION AND DESIGN CALCULATIONS   Type P olys t y r ene c ro s slinked w i th d i v i ny l b e n zene Provided t h e s ame. S i ze = 0.3 to 1 . 2 mm G o o d s ize f or f l u oride re m oval a p p l i ca t ion Fl u o r ide re m o v a l capaci t y = 5 g /lit Pro d u ct data s h e e t of S S TC 6 0 a n d CSIR app r oval cer t i f i cate at t ached Max F l u ori d e content Fl u o r ide to be remo v ed = 3 mg /l = 2mg/ l i t O ut l et Pa r ame t er as p er d r i nk i n g w ater N o r m Fl u o r ide c ontent to be re m oved on h o u r ly b as i s. = 10000 x 2 mg / hr = 20000 m g /hr = 20 g/hr F l ow m u l t i ply by max. F l u oride co n t e n t w i l l provi d e t h e f l u o r ide co n t e n t s t o be re m o v e d o n H ourly b asis. Fl u o r ide c ontent to be re m oved on da i ly b a sis = 20g/hr x 8hrs = 160g C o n side r i ng 8 hrs p e r d ay p R un n i n g Q u ant i ty of r e s i n required = 500 l i t D esi g n B a sis 2 BV / Hr In f er e nce We h a ve p ro v id ed 3 7 2 F R P ves s el as S a n d fi l ter ve s sel f o r TSS a n d f o ll o w e d b y 30 7 2 in ch FRP v es s el f o r P u ro l i t e SS T C60 r es i n f o r F l u or i d e r e m o v al E a c h ve s sel is su i t able f or at 15 d a y w o r k i n g a n d t h e n tak e n f o r r eg e n era t i on w i th A l um He i g ht of R esin 1 100 mm As p er desi g n c a l c u l at i o n s

24. He i g ht of other me d i a 1 00 mm As p er desi g n c a l c u l at i o n s Free b oard m i n imum = 1200 x . 5 mm = 600 mm 5 % of bed d ep t h Vessel S t raight hei g h t m i n i m um = 1200+6 m m = 1800 mm In f erence We have prov id e d 1832 mm HOS vessel SU I T A BLE Puroli t e S S T C 60 r es i n d en s i t y = 780 - 820 g / l it As p er m a n u f acturers speci f i c at i on Vo l ume o c c u p ied by r esin = 500 l i t T o t al q u a nt i ty of r esin D i ame t e r of v ess e l r e qu i r e d Re q ui r ed fl o w= 10k l ph S e r v i c e flow v e l o cit y =22 m / h r A r e a = 1 / 22= 0.454 m2 = Ö ( 0. 4 5 4 / p /4)=0.761m D iame t er = Ö (Ar e a / p /4) We have prov id ed vess e l of d i ame t er 0.7 6 3 m or 3 inch e s H O S of t h e vessel = 1800 mm ( requ i r e d a s B D ta k en 1 m) = 1800 mm provided 1 2 00 mm BD + 50% free b oard In f erence We have prov id e d t w o 30 i n c h ( 7 62m m ) dia a nd 72 inch hei g ht v e s s el SU I T A BLE CONTINUED…

25. In PSF we have taken 1000mm bed depth of 3072 vessel thus media quantity will be = 0.456*1*1.5*1000= 684kg. 1. Gravels 290 kg. 2. Plain Sand 290 kg 3. Mno2 100kg.  In FRU we are taking 100mm bed depth of 3072 vessel the media quantity will be = 0.456*0.25*1.5*1000=175kg. 1. Gravels 105 kg. 2. Quartz 70 kg.  Thus Total BOQ in 12000lph plant will be:- 1. Gravels-395kg. 2. Plain Sand 290 kg 3. Mno2 100kg 4. Quartz 70 kg Purolite SSTC 60 - 500 L Case - 1 :Contamination Level 3 ppm = 2 mg/l X 10000 l/hr X 8 hr = 160 g/day Note - 1. Assume media capacity as 5 gms/lit with 500 lit resin total capacity of resin is 2.5 Kg  2. Treated water Fluoride level = 1.0 ppmSo for fluoride concentration of 3.0 ppm media will last for 18 days (Media Regeneration frequency)       SAND MEDIA CALCULATION

26.   The counter flow-flow regeneration technique is normally made up of 5 steps and typically takes between 1 and 2 hours depending on the detailed design. The first step of counter flow-flow regeneration is backwash. The backwash water enters the unit through the bottom collection / distribution system, loosening the bed and causing the bed to expand as the water passes up through it. After the backwash a “bed settle” step is required. The bed settle allows the resin to settle back and reform the static bed prior to regenerant injection. Alum should be introduced at flow rates of 2 to 4 BV/h (0.25 to 0.5 gpm/ft3) and at concentrations of 10 %. The contact time between the resin and the regenerant solution should be minimum 30 minutes.Good contact between the Regenerate solution and the resin is essential for optimum performance. The regeneration level will typically be as high as 120 g/l are sometimes employed The slow (regenerant displacement) rinse is always carried out at flow rates similar to the injection step. This is to ensure a uniform contact time between the resin and the regenerant solution and that the rinse water follows the same route of the regenerant through the resin bed. The final rinse is often carried out at the service flow rate. This also acts as a proving condition prior to returning to service after regeneration. DETAILS OF REGENERATION  

27. S l No S t e p T i m e C h e m i ca l 1 B a ck w a s h 1 5- 2 m i n F free w a t e r 2 B e d S e t t l i n g 10 m in 3 Reg e nera n t I n j 30 m in A lum 4 S l o w Ri n se 20 m in F free w a t e r 5 Fast R i n se 10 m in R aw w a t er

28.   ABOUT 32 VESSEL FLUORIDE REMOVAL PROJECT As seen from the map, almost all states in India have districts where ground water contains excess levels of FLOURIDE. Fluoride can cause FLUOROSIS. Our suggested Fluoride filtration Model can remove FLUORIDE from raw water easily.  2 nos. Fibre-reinforced plastic filter vessels are used in this project.   1st Step Treatment  MULTI GRADE SAND FILTER FOR SUSPENDED PARTICLE REMOVAL of 3072 inch FRP VESSEL Media Sand: graded sand supported by layers of graded under bed consisting of pebbles and silex, a top distributor to distribute the incoming water uniformly throughout the cross section of the filter, and an under drain system to collect filtered water. It remove all type of Sedimentation, Mud, Suspended particles etc.  2nd Step Treatment In this step Selective fluoride removal resin Purolite SSTC60 is used in 3072inch FRP vessel to remove dissolved Fluoride ions from water by selective ion exchange method. It takes on the Fluoride ions from the water and exchanges with other anions. The resin can be regenerated in the site but using normal softener valves and very easy to maintain. Minimum life of the resin is 5 years and it can go beyond

29. DESIGN FOR 8000 LPH FLUORIDE REMOVAL UNIT 5PPM D E - FLUOR I D A T I O N UNIT - 02 N O S. Ves s e l D E SI G N T H R O U G H PU T FL O W 8KL P H = 8 M 3 / HR Q ua n t i t y o f f lu o r id e e f f ect e d w a ter to b e h a n dled b y t h e D F U on h o ur l y bas i s

30. Ty p e P o l y st y rene c ro s sl i n k e d w i th d i v in y l b e n zene Pro v i d e d the s a m e. Si z e = 0.3 to 1 . 2 mm Go o d s i ze f o r f l u o r id e r em o val a p p l i ca t i on Fl u o r i d e remo v al ca p ac it y = 5 g/ l i t Pro d u ct data s h eet o f SS T C 6 a n d CS I R a p p ro v al c e r ti f i cate atta c h ed Max F lu or i d e c on t e n t = 5 m g/l ( as p er c o nd i ti o n) Ou tlet P a ra m et e r as p e r d r i nk i n g w ater N orm Fl u o r i d e co n tent to b e r e m o v e d on hour l y b a s i s. = 8000 x 4 mg/ h r = 32000 mg/ h r = 32 g/hr F l ow mul t i ply b y m a x. F l uo r i de co n tent w i ll p rov i de the f lu oride co n tents to be r em o ved on h o u r l y b as i s. Fl u o r i d e co n tent to b e r e m o v e d on d ai l y b as i s = 32g/hr x 8hrs = 256 g Co n s i d e r i n g 8 h r s p er d a y pl a n t R unnin g Q ua n t i t y of r e s i n r e qu i red = 400 l i t Des i g n Ba si s 20 B V / H r In f er e nce We h a ve p ro v id ed 3 7 2 F R P ves s el as S a n d fi l ter ve s sel f o r TSS a n d f o ll o w e d by 3072 in ch FRP v es s el f o r P ur o li t e SS T C60 r es i n f o r F l u or i d e r e m o v al FRU ve s sel i s s u i t able f o r at 15 day work i n g a n d t h en ta k e n f o r r e g en e ra t i on w i t h A l u m H e i g h t o f S S TC 60 R es i n 8 75 mm As p e r d es i g n calc u l a t i ons PUROLITE SSTC60-AL DESCRIPTION AND DESIGN CALCULATIONS

31. H e i g h t o f ot h er me di a 2 25 mm As p e r d es i g n calc u l a t i ons Free b o a rd = ( 875m m +2 2 5m m ) x . 5 m m = 550mm 50% of b e d dep t h Ves s el Stra i ght h eig h t = 1100 + 5 5 m m = 1650 mm In f er e nce We h a ve p ro v id ed 1 8 3 2 mm H O S V es s el SUIT A BLE Puroli t e S S T C 60 r es i n d en s i t y = 780 - 820 g / l it A s p er m anu f a c tu r ers s p ec i f i c at i on Vo l ume o c c u p ied by r esin = 400 l i t Total qu a nt i ty of res i n D i ame t e r of v ess e l r e qu i r e d Re q ui r ed fl o w = 8kl p h S e r v i c e flow v e l o cit y =18 m / h r A r e a = 8 /18= . 4 44 m 2 = Ö ( 0.4 4 4 / p /4)=0.752m Diame t er = Ö (Ar e a / p /4) We have ta k en ve s sel wi t h . 762 diame t er or 3 i n ches H O S of t h e vessel = 1650 mm ( r e q u ired as B D t a ken 0.875 m) = 1832 mm provided . 8 7 5 mm B D + 5 0% fre e boa r d In f erence We have prov id e d 2 v e s s e ls o ne 3072 for m u l t i grade f i l t er & one 3 72 ve s sel a s FRU. S U IT A BLE CONTINUED…

32. In PSF we have taken 1000mm bed depth of 3072 vessel thus media quantity will be = 0.456*1*1.5*1000= 684kg. 1. Gravels 300 kg. 2. Plain Sand 300 kg 3. Mno2 100kg.  In FRU we are taking 225mm bed depth of 3072 vessel the media quantity will be = 0.456*0.225*1.5*1000=154kg. 1. Gravels 105 kg. 2. Quartz 70 kg.  Thus Total BOQ in 8000lph plant will be:- 1. Gravels- 405kg. 2. Plain Sand 300 kg 3. Mno2 100kg 4. Quartz 70 kg 5. Purolite SSTC 60 - 400 L Case - 1 :Contamination Level 5 ppm = 4 mg/l X 8000 l/hr X 8 hr = 256 g/day Note - 1. Assume media capacity as 5 gms/lit with 400 lit resin total capacity of resin is 2000 gm  2. Treated water Fluoride level = 1.0 ppm  So for fluoride concentration of 5.0 ppm media will last for 8 days (Media Regeneration frequency)         Sand media calculation

33. The counter flow-flow regeneration technique is normally made up of 5 steps and typically takes between 1 and 2 hours depending on the detailed design.  The first step of counter flow-flow regeneration is backwash. The backwash water enters the unit through the bottom collection / distribution system, loosening the bed and causing the bed to expand as the water passes up through it.  After the backwash a “bed settle” step is required. The bed settle allows the resin to settle back and reform the static bed prior to regenerant injection.  Alum should be introduced at flow rates of 2 to 4 BV/h (0.25 to 0.5 gpm/ft3) and at concentrations of 10 %. The contact time between the resin and the regenerant solution should be minimum 30 minutes. Good contact between the Regenerate solution and the resin is essential for optimum performance. The regeneration level will typically be as high as 120 g/l are sometimes employed  The slow (regenerant displacement) rinse is always carried out at flow rates similar to the injection step. This is to ensure a uniform contact time between the resin and the regenerant solution and that the rinse water follows the same route of the regenerant through the resin bed.  The final rinse is often carried out at the service flow rate. This also acts as a proving condition prior to returning to service after regeneration.   DETAILS OF REGENERATION  

34. S l No S t e p T i m e C h e m i ca l 1 B a ck w a s h 1 5- 2 m i n F free w a t e r 2 B e d S e t t l i n g 10 m in 3 Reg e nera n t I n j 30 m in A lum 4 S l o w Ri n se 20 m in F free w a t e r 5 Fast R i n se 10 m in R aw w a t er

35. ABOUT 2 VESSEL FLUORIDE REMOVAL PROJECT As seen from the map, almost all states in India have districts where ground water contains excess levels of FLOURIDE. Fluoride can cause FLUOROSIS. Our suggested Fluoride filtration Model can remove FLUORIDE from raw water easily.  2 nos. Fibre -reinforced plastic filter vessels are used in this project.   1st Step Treatment  MULTI GRADE SAND FILTER FOR SUSPENDED PARTICLE REMOVAL in 3072 inch FRP vessel. Media Sand : graded sand supported by layers of graded under bed consisting of pebbles and silex , a top distributor to distribute the incoming water uniformly throughout the cross section of the filter, and an under drain system to collect filtered water. It remove all type of Sedimentation, Mud, Suspended particles etc.    2nd Step Treatment  In this step Selective fluoride removal resin Purolite SSTC60 in 3072 inch FRP vessel is used to remove dissolved Fluoride ions from water by selective ion exchange method. It takes on the Fluoride ions from the water and exchanges with other anions. The resin can be regenerated in the site but using normal softener valves and very easy to maintain. Minimum life of the resin is 5 years and it can go beyond.

36. DESIGN FOR 12000 LPH FLUORIDE REMOVAL UNIT D E- FL U O RID A TION U N I T - 2 N O S . Ves s el DE S I G N T H RO U GHP U T F L OW 12 K L H = 12 M 3 / HR Quan t i t y of f l u o r ide e f fected w ater to be h a n dled by the D F U on h o urly bas i s

37. PUROLITE SSTC60-AL DESCRIPTION AND DESIGN CALCULATIONS   Type P olys t y r ene c ro s slinked w i th d i v i ny l b e n z e ne Provided t h e s ame. S i ze = 0.3 to 1 . 2 mm G o o d s ize f or f l u oride re m oval a p p l i ca t ion Fl u o r ide re m o v a l capaci t y = 5 g /lit Pro d u ct data s h e e t of S S TC 6 0 a n d CSIR app r oval cer t i f i cate at t ached Max F l u ori d e content Fl u o r ide to be remo v ed = 5 m g / l = 4mg/ l i t O ut l et Pa r ame t er as p er d r i nk i n g w ater N o r m Fl u o r ide c ontent to be re m oved on h o u r ly b as i s. = 12000 x 4 mg / hr = 48000 m g /hr = 48 g/hr F l ow m u l t i ply by max. F l u oride co n t e n t w i l l provi d e t h e f l u o r ide co n t e n t s t o be re m o v e d o n H ourly b asis. Fl u o r ide c ontent to be re m oved on da i ly b a sis = 48g/hr x 8hrs = 384g C o n side r i ng 8 hrs p e r d ay p R un n i n g Q u ant i ty of r e s i n required = 600 l i t D esi g n B a sis 2 BV / Hr In f erence We h a ve p ro v id ed 3 6 7 2 F RP ves s el as S a n d fi l ter ve s sel f o r TSS a n d f o ll o w e d 3 672 i n ch FRP ve s s e l s f or P ur o l i te SS T C60 r es i n f o r F l u or i d e r e m o v al Each vessel is s u i t ab l e f o r at 15 day w orking a n d th e n ta k en for regene r ati o n w i t h A lum He i g ht of R esin 9 00 mm As p er desi g n Ca l culations

38. He i g ht of other me d i a 3 00 mm As p er desi g n c a l c u l at i o n s Free b oard minimum = 1200 x . 5 mm = 600 mm 5 % of bed d ep t h Vessel S t raight hei g h t m i n i m um = 1200+6 m m = 1800 mm In f erence We have prov id e d 1832mm H O S vessel SU I T A BLE Puroli t e S S T C 60 r es i n d en s i t y = 780 - 820 g / l it As p er ma n ufa c t u r ers speci f i c at i on Vo l ume o c c u p ied by r esin = 600 l i t T o t al q u a nt i ty of r esin D i ame t e r of v ess e l r e qu i r e d Re q ui r ed fl o w= 12k l ph S e r v i c e flow v e l o cit y =18 m / h r A r e a = 1 2/18= . 666 m2 = Ö ( 0. 6 6 6 / p /4)=0.926m D iame t er = Ö (Ar e a / p /4) We have t ak e n ve s sel wi t h .9 14 d i ame t er or 36 i n ches H O S of t h e vessel = 1800 mm ( requ i r e d a s B D ta k en 1 m )= 1800 mm provided 1 2 00 mm BD + 50% free b oard In f erence We have prov id e d t w o 36 i n ch d i a a n d 7 2 i n c h h e i ght v e s s e l SU I T A BLE CONTINUED…

39. In PSF we have taken 1000mm bed depth of 3672 vessel thus media quantity will be = 0.456*1*1.5*1000= 984kg. 1. Gravels 440 kg. 2. Plain Sand 440 kg 3. Mno2 100kg.  In FRU we are taking 300mm bed depth of 3672 vessel the media quantity will be = 0.656*0.3*1.5*1000=295kg. 1. Gravels 145 kg. 2. Quartz 150 kg.  Thus Total BOQ in 12000lph plant will be:- 1. Gravels- 585kg. 2. Plain Sand 440 kg 3. Mno2 100kg 4. Quartz 150 kg 5. Puro;ite SSTC 60 - 600 L  Case - 1 : Contamination Level 5 ppm = 4mg/l X 12000 l/hr X 8 hr = 384g/day Note - 1. Assume media capacity as 5 gms /lit with 600 lit resin total capacity of resin is 3 Kg  2. Treated water Fluoride level = 1.0 ppm  So for fluoride concentration of 3.0 ppm media will last for 8 days (Media Regeneration frequency)                             SAND MEDIA CALCULATION

40. The counter flow-flow regeneration technique is normally made up of 5 steps and typically takes between 1 and 2 hours depending on the detailed design.   The first step of counter flow-flow regeneration is backwash. The backwash water enters the unit through the bottom collection / distribution system, loosening the bed and causing the bed to expand as the water passes up through it.  After the backwash a “bed settle” step is required. The bed settle allows the resin to settle back and reform the static bed prior to regenerant injection.  Alum should be introduced at flow rates of 2 to 4 BV/h (0.25 to 0.5 gpm /ft3) and at concentrations of 10 %. The contact time between the resin and the regenerant solution should be minimum 30 minutes. Good contact between the Regenerate solution and the resin is essential for optimum performance. The regeneration level will typically be as high as 120 g/l are sometimes employed  The slow (regenerant displacement) rinse is always carried out at flow rates similar to the injection step. This is to ensure a uniform contact time between the resin and the regenerant solution and that the rinse water follows the same route of the regenerant through the resin bed.  The final rinse is often carried out at the service flow rate. This also acts as a proving condition prior to returning to service after regeneration.   Details of regeneration

41. S l No S t e p T i m e C h e m i ca l 1 B a ck w a s h 1 5- 2 m i n F free w a t e r 2 B e d S e t t l i n g 10 m in 3 Reg e nera n t I n j 30 m in A lum 4 S l o w Ri n se 20 m in F free w a t e r 5 Fast R i n se 10 m in R aw w a t er

42. ABOUT 2 VESSEL FLUORIDE REMOVAL PROJECT As seen from the map, almost all states in India have districts where ground water contains excess levels of FLOURIDE. Fluoride can cause FLUOROSIS. Our suggested Fluoride filtration Model can remove FLUORIDE from raw water easily.  2 nos. Fibre -reinforced plastic filter vessels are used in this project.   1st Step Treatment  MULTI GRADE SAND FILTER FOR SUSPENDED PARTICLE REMOVAL of 3672 inch FRP VESSEL  Media Sand : graded sand supported by layers of graded under bed consisting of pebbles and silex , a top distributor to distribute the incoming water uniformly throughout the cross section of the filter, and an under drain system to collect filtered water. It remove all type of Sedimentation, Mud, Suspended particles etc.   2nd Step Treatment  In this step Selective fluoride removal resin Purolite SSTC60 is used in 3672 inch FRP vessel to remove dissolved Fluoride ions from water by selective ion exchange method. It takes on the Fluoride ions from the water and exchanges with other anions. The resin can be regenerated in the site but using normal softener valves and very easy to maintain. Minimum life of the resin is 5 years and it can go beyond.      

43. DESIGN FOR 16000 LPH FLUORIDE REMOVAL UNIT D E- FL U O RID A TION U N I T - 2 N O S . Ves s el DE S I G N T H RO U GHP U T F L OW 16KL H = 1 6M 3 / H R Qua n t i t y of f l u or i de ef f ected w ater to be ha n d l e d by the D F U on h o urly bas i s

44. PUROLITE SSTC60-AL DESCRIPTION AND DESIGN CALCULATIONS   Type P olys t y r ene c ro s s linked w i th d i v i ny l b e n z e ne Provided t h e s ame. S i ze = 0.3 to 1 . 2 mm G o o d s ize f or f l u oride re m oval a p p l i ca t ion Fl u o r ide re m o v a l capaci t y = 5 g /lit Pro d u ct data s h e e t of S S TC 6 0 a n d CSIR app r oval cer t i f i cate at t ached Max F l u ori d e content Fl u o r ide re m o v e d = 5 mg/l = 4mg/l O ut l et Pa r ame t er as p er d r i nk i n g w ater N o r m Fl u o r ide c ontent to be re m oved on h o u r ly b as i s. = 16000 x 4 mg / hr = 64000 m g /hr = 64 g/hr F l ow m u l t i ply by max. F l u oride co n t e n t w i l l provi d e t he f l u o r ide co n t e n t s t o be re m o v e d o n H ourly b asis. Fl u o r ide c ontent to be re m oved on da i ly b a sis = 64g/hr x 8hrs = 576 g C o n side r i ng 8 hrs p e r d ay pla 4 8 R un n i n g Q u ant i ty of r e s i n required = 800 l i t D esi g n B a sis 2 BV / Hr In f erence We h a ve p ro v id ed 3 6 7 2 F R P ves s el as S a n d fi l ter ve s sel f o r TSS a n d f o ll o w e d by 4 272 i n ch FRP ve s sel f o r P u rol i te SS T C60 r es i n f o r F l u or i d e r e m o v al F R U vessel i s s u i t a b le f o r 15 day w orking a n d then ta k en for regene r ati o n w i t h A lum He i g ht of P uro l i te R es i n 9 mm As p er desi g n c a l c u l at i o n s

45. He i g ht of other me d i a 3 00 mm As p er desi g n c a l c u l at i o n s Free b oard minimum = 1200 x . 5 mm = 600 mm 5 % of bed d ep t h Vessel S t raight hei g h t m i n i m um = 1200+6 m m = 1800 mm In f erence We have prov id e d 1832 mm HOS vessel SU I T A BLE Puroli t e S S T C 60 r es i n d en s i t y = 780 - 820 g / l it As p er m m a n ufac t urers speci f i c at i on Vo l ume o c c u p ied by r esin = 800 l i t T o t al q u a nt i ty of r esin D i ame t e r of v ess e l r e qu i r e d Re q ui r ed fl o w= 16k l ph S e r v i c e flow v e l o cit y =18 m / h r A r e a = 1 6/18= . 888 m2 = Ö ( 0. 8 8 8 / p /4)=1.064m D iame t er = Ö (Ar e a / p /4) We have t ak e n ve s sel wi t h 1 .0 66 d i ame t er or 42 i n ches H O S of t h e vessel = 1800 mm (req u ired as B D t a ken 1 m) = 1800 mm provided 1 2 00 mm BD + 50% free b oard In f erence We have prov id e d 3672 v e s s el as M G F & f 42 7 2 v e s sel A S FRU SU I T A BLE CONTINUED…

46. In PSF we have taken 1000mm bed depth of 3672 vessel thus media quantity will be = 0.656*1*1.5*1000= 984kg. 1. Gravels 440 kg. 2. Plain Sand 440 kg. 3. Mno2 100 kg In FRU we are taking 300mm bed depth of 4272 vessel the media quantity will be = 0.892*0.3*1.5*1000=400kg. 1. Gravels 200 kg. 2. Quartz 200 kg.  Thus Total BOQ in 16000lph plant will be:- 1. Gravels- 640 kg. 2. Plain Sand 440 kg 3. Mno2 100kg 4. Quartz 200 kg Purolite SSTC 60 - 800 L Case - 1 : Contamination Level 5 ppm = 4mg/l X 16000 l/hr X 8 hr = 576 g/day   Note - 1. Assume media capacity as 5 gms /lit with 800 lit resin total capacity of resin is 4000g 2. Treated water Fluoride level = 1.0 ppm  So for fluoride concentration of 5.0 ppm media will last for 8 days (Media Regeneration frequency)                                               SAND MEDIA CALCULATION

47. The counter flow-flow regeneration technique is normally made up of 5 steps and typically takes between 1 and 2 hours depending on the detailed design.   The first step of counter flow-flow regeneration is backwash. The backwash water enters the unit through the bottom collection / distribution system, loosening the bed and causing the bed to expand as the water passes up through it. After the backwash a “bed settle” step is required. The bed settle allows the resin to settle back and reform the static bed prior to regenerant injection.  Alum should be introduced at flow rates of 2 to 4 BV/h (0.25 to 0.5 gpm /ft3) and at concentrations of 10 %. The contact time between the resin and the regenerant solution should be minimum 30 minutes.Good contact between the Regenerate solution and the resin is essential for optimum performance. The regeneration level will typically be as high as 120 g/l are sometimes employed  The slow (regenerant displacement) rinse is always carried out at flow rates similar to the injection step. This is to ensure a uniform contact time between the resin and the regenerant solution and that the rinse water follows the same route of the regenerant through the resin bed.  The final rinse is often carried out at the service flow rate. This also acts as a proving condition prior to returning to service after regeneration.  DETAILS OF REGENERATION

48. S l No S t e p T i m e C h e m i ca l 1 B a ck w a s h 1 5- 2 m i n F free w a t e r 2 B e d S e t t l i n g 10 m in 3 Reg e nera n t I n j 30 m in A lum 4 S l o w Ri n se 20 m in F free w a t e r 5 Fast R i n se 10 m in R aw w a t er

49. ABOUT 2 VESSEL FLUORIDE REMOVAL PROJECT As seen from the map, almost all states in India have districts where ground water contains excess levels of FLOURIDE. Fluoride can cause FLUOROSIS. Our suggested Fluoride filtration Model can remove FLUORIDE from raw water easily.   2 nos. Fibre -reinforced plastic filter vessels are used in this project.  1st Step Treatment MULTI GRADE SAND FILTER FOR SUSPENDED PARTICLE REMOVAL in 3672 FRP vessel Media Sand : graded sand supported by layers of graded under bed consisting of pebbles and silex , a top distributor to distribute the incoming water uniformly throughout the cross section of the filter, and an under drain system to collect filtered water. Its remove all type of Sedimentation, Mud, Suspended particles etc.   2nd Step Treatment  In this step Selective fluoride removal resin Purolite SSTC60 in 4272 inch FRP vessel is used to remove dissolved Fluoride ions from water by selective ion exchange method. It takes on the Fluoride ions from the water and exchanges with other anions. The resin can be regenerated in the site but using normal softener valves and very easy to maintain. Minimum life of the resin is 5 years and it can go beyond.

50. DESIGN FOR 10000 LPH FLUORIDE REMOVAL UNIT D E- FL U O RID A TION U N I T - 3 N O S . Ves s el DE S I G N T H RO U GHP U T F L OW 10 K L H = 1 M3 / HR Quan t i t y of f l u o r ide e f fected w ater to be h a n dled by the D F U on h o urly bas i s

51. PUROLITE SSTC60-AL DESCRIPTION AND DESIGN CALCULATIONS Type P olys t y r ene c ro s slinked w i th d i v i ny l b e n z e ne Provided t h e s ame. S i ze = 0.3 to 1 . 2 mm G o o d s ize f or f l u oride re m oval a p p l i ca t ion Fl u o r ide re m o v a l capaci t y = 5 g /lit Pro d u ct data s h e e t of S S TC 6 0 a n d CSIR app r oval cer t i f i cate at t ached Max F l u ori d e content Fl u o r ide to be remo v ed = 5 m g / l = 4mg/ l i t O ut l et Pa r ame t er as p er d r i nk i n g w ater N o r m Fl u o r ide c ontent to be re m oved on h o u r ly b as i s. = 10000 x 4 mg / hr = 40000 m g /hr = 40 g/hr F l ow m u l t i ply by max. F l u oride co n t e n t w i l l provi d e t h e f l u o r ide co n t e n t s t o be re m o v e d o n H ourly b asis. Fl u o r ide c ontent to be re m oved on da i ly b a sis = 40g/hr x 8hrs = 320g C o n side r i ng 8 hrs p e r d ay p R un n i n g Q u ant i ty of r e s i n required = 500 l i t D esi g n B a sis 2 BV / Hr In f er e nce We h a ve p ro v id ed 3 7 2 F R P ves s el as S a n d fi l ter ve s sel f o r TSS a n d f o ll o w e d by 30 7 2 in ch FRP v es s el f o r P u ro l i t e SS T C60 r es i n f o r F l u or i d e r e m o v al E a c h ve s sel is su i t able f or at 15 d a y w o r k i n g a n d t h e n tak e n f o r r eg e n era t i on w i th A l um He i g ht of R esin 1 100 mm As p er desi g n c a l c u l at i o n s

52. He i g ht of other me d i a 1 00 mm As p er desi g n c a l c u l at i o n s Free b oard m i n imum = 1200 x . 5 mm = 600 mm 5 % of bed d ep t h Vessel S t raight hei g h t m i n i m um = 1200+6 m m = 1800 mm In f erence We have prov id e d 1832 mm HOS vessel SU I T A BLE Puroli t e S S T C 60 r es i n d en s i t y = 780 - 820 g / l it As p er m a n u f acturers spe c i fi c at i on Vo l ume o c c u p ied by r esin = 500 l i t T o t al q u a nt i ty of r esin D i ame t e r of v ess e l r e qu i r e d Re q ui r ed fl o w= 10k l ph S e r v i c e flow v e l o cit y =22 m / h r A r e a = 1 / 22= 0.454 m2 = Ö ( 0. 4 5 4 / p /4)=0.761m D iame t er = Ö (Ar e a / p /4) We have prov id ed vess e l of d i ame t er 0. 7 6 3 m or 3 inch e s H O S of t h e vessel = 1800 mm ( requ i r e d a s B D ta k en 1 m) = 1800 mm provided 1 2 00 mm BD + 50% free b oard In f erence We have prov id e d t w o 30 i n c h ( 7 62m m ) dia a nd 72 inch hei g ht v e s s el SU I T A BLE CONTINUED…

53. In PSF we have taken 1000mm bed depth of 3072 vessel thus media quantity will be = 0.456*1*1.5*1000= 684kg. 1. Gravels 290 kg. 2. Plain Sand 290 kg 3. Mno2 100kg.  In FRU we are taking 100mm bed depth of 3072 vessel the media quantity will be = 0.456*0.25*1.5*1000=175kg. 1. Gravels 105 kg. 2 .Quartz 70 kg.  Thus Total BOQ in 12000lph plant will be:- 1. Gravels-395kg. 2. Plain Sand 290 kg 3. Mno2 100kg 4. Quartz 70 kg Purolite SSTC 60 - 500 L Case - 1 : Contamination Level 5 ppm = 4 mg/l X 10000 l/hr X 8 hr = 320 g/day   Note - 1. Assume media capacity as 5 gms /lit with 500 lit resin total capacity of resin is 2.5 Kg  2. Treated water Fluoride level = 1.0 ppm  So for fluoride concentration of 5.0 ppm media will last for 8 days (Media Regeneration frequency)                   SAND MEDIA CALCULATION

54. The counter flow-flow regeneration technique is normally made up of 5 steps and typically takes between 1 and 2 hours depending on the detailed design.   The first step of counter flow-flow regeneration is backwash. The backwash water enters the unit through the bottom collection / distribution system, loosening the bed and causing the bed to expand as the water passes up through it.  After the backwash a “bed settle” step is required. The bed settle allows the resin to settle back and reform the static bed prior to regenerant injection.  Alum should be introduced at flow rates of 2 to 4 BV/h (0.25 to 0.5 gpm /ft3) and at concentrations of 10 %. The contact time between the resin and the regenerant solution should be minimum 30 minutes. Good contact between the Regenerate solution and the resin is essential for optimum performance. The regeneration level will typically be as high as 120 g/l are sometimes employed  The slow (regenerant displacement) rinse is always carried out at flow rates similar to the injection step. This is to ensure a uniform contact time between the resin and the regenerant solution and that the rinse water follows the same route of the regenerant through the resin bed.  The final rinse is often carried out at the service flow rate. This also acts as a proving condition prior to returning to service after regeneration.   DETAILS OF REGENERATION

55. S l No S t e p T i m e C h e m i ca l 1 B a ck w a s h 1 5- 2 m i n F free w a t e r 2 B e d S e t t l i n g 10 m in 3 Reg e nera n t I n j 30 m in A lum 4 S l o w Ri n se 20 m in F free w a t e r 5 Fast R i n se 10 m in R aw w a t er

56.  As seen from the map, almost all states in India have districts where ground water contains excess levels of FLOURIDE. Fluoride can cause FLUOROSIS. Our suggested Fluoride filtration Model can remove FLUORIDE from raw water easily.  2 nos. Fibre -reinforced plastic filter vessels are used in this project.   1st Step Treatment  MULTI GRADE SAND FILTER FOR SUSPENDED PARTICLE REMOVAL of 3072 inch FRP VESSEL  Media Sand : graded sand supported by layers of graded under bed consisting of pebbles and silex , a top distributor to distribute the incoming water uniformly throughout the cross section of the filter, and an under drain system to collect filtered water. It remove all type of Sedimentation, Mud, Suspended particles etc. 2nd Step Treatment  In this step Selective fluoride removal resin Purolite SSTC60 is used in 3072inch FRP vessel to remove dissolved Fluoride ions from water by selective ion exchange method. It takes on the Fluoride ions from the water and exchanges with other anions. The resin can be regenerated in the site but using normal softener valves and very easy to maintain. Minimum life of the resin is 5 years and it can go beyond. ABOUT 32VESSEL FLUORIDE REMOVAL PROJECT

57. DESIGN FOR 8000 LPH FLUORIDE REMOVAL UNIT 10PPM D E - FLUOR I D A T I O N UNIT - 03 N O S. Ves s e l D E SI G N T H R O U G H PU T FL O W 8KL P H = 8 M 3 / HR Q ua n t i t y o f f lu o r id e e f f ect e d w a ter to b e h a n dled b y t h e D F U on h o ur l y bas i s

58. PUROLITE SSTC60-AL DESCRIPTION AND DESIGN CALCULATIONS Ty p e P o l y st y rene c ro s sl i n k e d w i th d i v in y l b e n zene Pro v i d e d the s a m e. Si z e = 0.3 to 1 . 2 mm Go o d s i ze f o r f l u o r id e r em o val a p p l i ca t i on Fl u o r i d e remo v al ca p ac it y = 5 g/ l i t Pro d u ct data s h eet o f SS T C 6 a n d CS I R a p p ro v al c e r ti f i cate atta c h ed Max F lu or i d e c on t e n t = 10 mg / l ( as per co n di t i on) Ou tlet P a ra m et e r as p e r d r i nk i n g w ater N orm Fl u o r i d e co n tent to b e r e m o v e d on hour l y b a s i s. = 8000 x 9 mg/ h r = 72000 mg/ h r = 72 g/hr F l ow mul t i ply b y m a x. F l uo r i de co n tent w i ll p rov i de the f lu oride co n ten t s to b e r em o ved on h o u r l y b as i s. Fl u o r i d e co n tent to b e r e m o v e d on d ai l y b as i s = 72g/hr x 8hrs = 576 g Co n s i d e r i n g 8 h r s p er d a y pl a n t R unnin g Q ua n t i t y of r e s i n r e qu i red = 800 l i t Des i g n Ba si s 10 B V / H r In f er e nce We h a ve p ro v id ed 3 7 2 F R P ves s el as S a n d fi l ter ve s sel f o r TSS a n d f o ll o w e d by two 30 7 2 in ch F R P ves s e l s in p a r a l l e l to red uc e f l ow to h a l f f o r P u ro l i te SS T C60 r es i n f o r F l u or i d e r e m o v al FRU ve s sel i s s u i t able f o r at 15 day work i n g a n d t h en ta k e n f o r r e g en e ra t i on w i t h A l u m H e i g h t o f S S TC 60 R es i n 8 75 mm As p e r d es i g n calc u l a t i ons

59. H e i g h t o f ot h er me di a 2 25 mm As p e r d es i g n calc u l a t i ons Free b o a rd = ( 875m m +2 2 5m m ) x . 5 m m = 550mm 50% of b e d dep t h Ves s el Stra i ght h eig h t = 1100 + 5 5 m m = 1650 mm In f er e nce We h a ve p ro v id ed 1 8 3 2 mm H O S V es s el SUIT A BLE Puroli t e S S T C 60 r es i n d en s i t y = 780 - 820 g / l it A s p er m anu f a c tu r ers s p ec i f i c at i on Vo l ume o c c u p ied by r esin = 800 l i t Total qu a nt i ty of res i n D i ame t e r of v ess e l r e qu i r e d Re q ui r ed fl o w = 8kl p h S e r v i c e flow v e l o cit y =18 m / h r A r e a = 8 /18= . 4 44 m 2 = Ö ( 0.4 4 4 / p /4)=0.752m Diame t er = Ö (Ar e a / p /4) We have ta k en ve s sel wi t h . 762 diame t er or 3 i n ches H O S of t h e vessel = 1650 mm ( r e q u ired as B D t a ken 0.875 m) = 1832 mm provided . 8 7 5 mm B D + 5 0% fre e boa r d In f erence We have prov id e d 3 v e s s e ls o ne 3072 for m u l t i grade f i l t er & t w o 3 72 ve s sel i n para l l el a s FR U . S U IT A BLE CONTINUED…

60. In PSF we have taken 1000mm bed depth of 3072 vessel thus media quantity will be = 0.456*1*1.5*1000= 684kg. 1. Gravels 300 kg. 2. Plain Sand 300 kg 3. Mno2 100kg.  In FRU we are taking 225mm bed depth of 3072 vessel the media quantity will be = 0.456*0.225*1.5*1000*2=308kg. 1. Gravels 210 kg. 2. Quartz 140 kg.  Thus Total BOQ in 8000lph plant will be:- 1. Gravels- 510kg. 2. Plain Sand 300 kg 3. Mno2 100kg 4. Quartz 140 kg 5. Purolite SSTC 60 - 800 L Case - 1 : Contamination Level 10 ppm = 9 mg/l X 8000 l/hr X 8 hr = 576 g/day   Note - 1. Assume media capacity as 5 gms /lit with 800 lit resin total capacity of resin is 4000 gm  2. Treated water Fluoride level = 1.0 ppm  So for fluoride concentration of 10.0 ppm media will last for 8 days (Media Regeneration frequency)       SAND MEDIA CALCULATION

61. The counter flow-flow regeneration technique is normally made up of 5 steps and typically takes between 1 and 2 hours depending on the detailed design.  The first step of counter flow-flow regeneration is backwash. The backwash water enters the unit through the bottom collection / distribution system, loosening the bed and causing the bed to expand as the water passes up through it.  After the backwash a “bed settle” step is required. The bed settle allows the resin to settle back and reform the static bed prior to regenerant injection.  Alum should be introduced at flow rates of 2 to 4 BV/h (0.25 to 0.5 gpm /ft3) and at concentrations of 10 %. The contact time between the resin and the regenerant solution should be minimum 30 minutes.Good contact between the Regenerate solution and the resin is essential for optimum performance. The regeneration level will typically be as high as 120 g/l are sometimes employed  The slow (regenerant displacement) rinse is always carried out at flow rates similar to the injection step. This is to ensure a uniform contact time between the resin and the regenerant solution and that the rinse water follows the same route of the regenerant through the resin bed.  The final rinse is often carried out at the service flow rate. This also acts as a proving condition prior to returning to service after regeneration.   DETAILS OF REGENERATION

62. S l No S t e p T i m e C h e m i ca l 1 B a ck w a s h 1 5- 2 m i n F free w a t e r 2 B e d S e t t l i n g 10 m in 3 Reg e nera n t I n j 30 m in A lum 4 S l o w Ri n se 20 m in F free w a t e r 5 Fast R i n se 10 m in R aw w a t er

63. ABOUT 3 VESSEL FLUORIDE REMOVAL PROJECT As seen from the map, almost all states in India have districts where ground water contains excess levels of FLOURIDE. Fluoride can cause FLUOROSIS. Our suggested Fluoride filtration Model can remove FLUORIDE from raw water easily.  3 nos. Fibre -reinforced plastic filter vessels are used in this project.   1st Step Treatment  MULTI GRADE SAND FILTER FOR SUSPENDED PARTICLE REMOVAL in 3072 inch FRP vessel.   Media Sand : graded sand supported by layers of graded under bed consisting of pebbles and silex , a top distributor to distribute the incoming water uniformly throughout the cross section of the filter, and an under drain system to collect filtered water. It remove all type of Sedimentation, Mud, Suspended particles etc.   2nd Step Treatment  In this step Selective fluoride removal resin Purolite SSTC60 in two 3072 inch FRP vessels in parallel are used to remove dissolved Fluoride ions from water by selective ion exchange method. It takes on the Fluoride ions from the water and exchanges with other anions. The resin can be regenerated in the site but using normal softener valves and very easy to maintain. Minimum life of the resin is 5 years and it can go beyond.

64. DESIGN FOR 12000 LPH FLUORIDE REMOVAL UNIT D E- FL U O RID A TION U N I T - 2 N O S . Ves s el DE S I GN T H RO U GHP U T F L OW 12 K L H = 12 M 3 / HR Quan t i t y of f l u o r ide e f fected w ater to be h a n dled by the D F U on h o urly bas i s

65. PUROLITE SSTC60-AI DESCRIPTION AND DESIGN CALCULATIONS Type P olys t y r ene c ro s slinked w i th d i v i ny l b e n z e ne Provided t h e s ame. S i ze = 0.3 to 1 . 2 mm G o o d s ize f or f l u oride re m oval a p p l i ca t ion Fl u o r ide re m o v a l capaci t y = 5 g /lit Pro d u ct data s h e e t of S S TC 6 0 a n d CSIR app r oval cer t i f i cate at t ached Max F l u ori d e content Fl u o r ide to be remo v ed = 10 mg / l = 9mg/ l i t O ut l et Pa r ame t er as p er d r i nk i n g w ater N o r m Fl u o r ide c ontent to be re m oved on h o u r ly b as i s. = 12000 x 9 mg / hr = 108000 mg/hr = 108 g/hr F l ow m u l t i ply by max. F l u oride co n t e n t w i l l provi d e t h e f l u o r ide co n t e n t s t o be re m o v e d o n H ourly b asis. Fl u o r ide c ontent to be re m oved on da i ly b a sis = 108 g / hr x 8hrs = 864g C o n side r i ng 8 hrs p e r d ay p R un n i n g Q u ant i ty of r e s i n required = 1200 l it D esi g n B a sis 1 BV / Hr In f erence We h a ve p ro v id ed 3 6 7 2 F RP ves s el as S a n d fi l ter ve s sel f o r TSS a n d f o ll o w e d two 3 672 i n ch FRP ve s s e l s f or P u ro l i te SS T C60 r es i n f o r F l u or i d e r e m o v al Each vessel is s u i t ab l e f o r at 15 day w orking a n d then ta k en for regene r ati o n w i t h A lum He i g ht of R esin 9 00 mm As p er desi g n Ca l culations

66. He i g ht of other me d i a 3 00 mm As p er desi g n c a l c u l at i o n s Free b oard minimum = 1200 x . 5 mm = 600 mm 5 % of bed d ep t h Vessel S t raight hei g h t m i n i m um = 1200+6 m m = 1800 mm In f erence We have prov id e d 1832mm H O S vessel SU I T A BLE Puroli t e S S T C 60 r es i n d en s i t y = 780 - 820 g / l it As p er ma n ufa c t u r ers speci f i c at i on Vo l ume o c c u p ied by r esin = 1200 l it T o t al q u a nt i ty of r esin D i ame t e r of v ess e l r e qu i r e d Re q ui r ed fl o w= 12k l ph S e r v i c e flow v e l o cit y =18 m / h r A r e a = 1 2/18= . 666 m2 = Ö ( 0. 6 6 6 / p /4)=0.926m D iame t er = Ö (Ar e a / p /4) We have t ak e n ve s sel wi t h .9 14 d i ame t er or 36 i n ches H O S of t h e v e s s el = 1800 mm ( requ i r e d a s B D ta k en 1 m) = 1800 mm provided 1 2 00 mm BD + 50% free b oard In f erence We have prov id e d three 36 i n ch d i a a nd 72 in c h h e ight v e s s e l SU I T A BLE CONTINUED…

67. In PSF we have taken 1000mm bed depth of 3672 vessel thus media quantity will be = 0.456*1*1.5*1000= 984kg. 1. Gravels 440 kg. 2. Plain Sand 440 kg 3. Mno2 100kg.  In FRU we are taking 300mm bed depth of 3672 vessel the media quantity will be = 0.656*0.3*1.5*1000*2=590 kg. 1. Gravels 290 kg. 2. Quartz 300 kg.  Thus Total BOQ in 12000lph plant will be:- 1. Gravels- 730 kg. 2. Plain Sand 440 kg 3. Mno2 100kg 4. Quartz 300 kg 5. Purolite SSTC 60 - 1200 L  Case - 1 : Contamination Level 10 ppm = 9mg/l X 12000 l/hr X 8 hr = 864g/day Note - 1. Assume media capacity as 5 gms /lit with 1200 lit resin total capacity of resin is 6 Kg Treated water Fluoride level = 1.0 ppm So for fluoride concentration of 10.0 ppm media will last for 8 days (Media Regeneration frequency)                 SAND MEDIA CALCULATION

68. The counter flow-flow regeneration technique is normally made up of 5 steps and typically takes between 1 and 2 hours depending on the detailed design.  The first step of counter flow-flow regeneration is backwash. The backwash water enters the unit through the bottom collection / distribution system, loosening the bed and causing the bed to expand as the water passes up through it.  After the backwash a “bed settle” step is required. The bed settle allows the resin to settle back and reform the static bed prior to regenerant injection.  Alum should be introduced at flow rates of 2 to 4 BV/h (0.25 to 0.5 gpm /ft3) and at concentrations of 10 %. The contact time between the resin and the regenerant solution should be minimum 30 minutes.Good contact between the Regenerate solution and the resin is essential for optimum performance. The regeneration level will typically be as high as 120 g/l are sometimes employed  The slow (regenerant displacement) rinse is always carried out at flow rates similar to the injection step. This is to ensure a uniform contact time between the resin and the regenerant solution and that the rinse water follows the same route of the regenerant through the resin bed.  The final rinse is often carried out at the service flow rate. This also acts as a proving condition prior to returning to service after regeneration.   DETAILS OF REGENERATION  

69. S l No S t e p T i m e C h e m i ca l 1 B a ck w a s h 1 5- 2 m i n F free w a t e r 2 B e d S e t t l i n g 10 m in 3 Reg e nera n t I n j 30 m in A lum 4 S l o w Ri n se 20 m in F f r ee wa t e r 5 Fast R i n se 10 m in R aw w a t er

70. As seen from the map, almost all states in India have districts where ground water contains excess levels of FLOURIDE. Fluoride can cause FLUOROSIS. Our suggested Fluoride filtration Model can remove FLUORIDE from raw water easily.  3 nos. Fibre -reinforced plastic filter vessels are used in this project.   1st Step Treatment  MULTI GRADE SAND FILTER FOR SUSPENDED PARTICLE REMOVAL of 3672 inch FRP VESSEL   Media Sand : graded sand supported by layers of graded under bed consisting of pebbles and silex , a top distributor to distribute the incoming water uniformly throughout the cross section of the filter, and an under drain system to collect filtered water. It remove all type of Sedimentation, Mud, Suspended particles etc.   2nd Step Treatment  In this step Selective fluoride removal resin Purolite SSTC60 is used in two 3672 inch FRP vessel in parallel to remove dissolved Fluoride ions from water by selective ion exchange method. It takes on the Fluoride ions from the water and exchanges with other anions. The resin can be regenerated in the site but using normal softener valves and very easy to maintain. Minimum life of the resin is 5 years and it can go beyond. ABOUT 3 VESSEL FLUORIDE REMOVAL PROJECT

71. DESIGN FOR 16000 LPH FLUORIDE REMOVAL UNIT D E- FL U O RID A TION U N I T - 3 N O S . Ves s el DE S I G N T H RO U GHP U T F L OW 16KL H = 1 6M 3 / H R Qua n t i t y of f l u or i de ef f ected w ater to be ha n d l e d by the D F U on h o urly bas i s

72. PUROLITE SSTC60-AI DESCRIPTION AND DESIGN CALCULATIONS Type P olys t y r ene c ro s slinked w i th d i v i ny l b e n z e ne Provided t h e s ame. S i ze = 0.3 to 1 . 2 mm G o o d s ize f or f l u oride re m oval a p p l i ca t ion Fl u o r ide re m o v a l capaci t y = 5 g /lit Pro d u ct data s h e e t of S S TC 6 0 a n d CSIR app r oval cer t i f i cate a t tached Max F l u ori d e content Fl u o r ide re m o v e d = 10 mg/l = 9mg/l O ut l et Pa r ame t er as p er d r i nk i n g w ater N o r m Fl u o r ide c ontent to be re m oved on h o u r ly b as i s. = 16000 x 9 mg / hr = 144000 mg/hr = 144 g/hr F l ow m u l t i ply by max. F l u oride co n t e n t w i l l provi d e t he f l u o r ide co n t e n t s t o be re m o v e d o n H ourly b asis. Fl u o r ide c ontent to be re m oved on da i ly b a sis = 144 g / hr x 8hrs = 1152 g C o n side r i ng 8 hrs p e r d ay pla 4 8 R un n i n g Q u ant i ty of r e s i n required = 1600 l it D esi g n B a sis 1 BV / Hr In f erence We h a ve p ro v id ed 3 6 7 2 F R P ves s el as S a n d fi l ter ve s sel f o r TSS a n d f o ll o w e d by t wo 4272 i n ch F RP v es s el i n pa r a ll el f o r P u rol i te SS T C60 re s i n f o r Fl u o r id e r em o v a l F R U vessel i s s u i t a b le f o r 15 day w orking a n d then ta k en for regene r ati o n w i t h A lum He i g ht of P uro l i t e R es i n 9 mm As p er desi g n c a l c u l at i o n s

73. He i g ht of other me d i a 3 00 mm As p er desi g n c a l c u l at i o n s Free b oard minimum = 1200 x . 5 mm = 600 mm 5 % of bed d ep t h Vessel S t raight hei g h t m i n i m um = 1200+6 m m In f erence We have prov id e d 1832 mm HOS vessel SU I T A BLE Puroli t e S S T C 60 r es i n d en s i t y = 780 - 820 g / l it As p er m m a n ufac t urers speci f i c at i on Vo l ume o c c u p ied by r esin = 1600 l it T o t al q u a nt i ty of r esin D i ame t e r of v ess e l r e qu i r e d Re q ui r ed fl o w= 16k l ph S e r v i c e flow v e l o cit y =18 m / h r A r e a = 1 6/18= 0.888 m2 = Ö ( 0. 8 8 8 / p /4)=1.064m D iame t er = Ö (Ar e a / p /4) We have t ak e n ve s sel wi t h 1 .0 66 d i ame t er or 42 i n ches H O S of t h e vessel = 1800 mm (req u ired as B D t a ken 1 m) = 1800 mm provided 1 2 00 mm BD + 50% free b oard In f erence We have prov id e d 3672 v e s s el as M G F & t w o 4 2 7 2 v e s sel a s FRU SU I T A BLE CONTINUED…

74. In PSF we have taken 1000mm bed depth of 3672 vessel thus media quantity will be = 0.656*1*1.5*1000= 984kg. 1. Gravels 440 kg. 2. Plain Sand 440 kg. 3. Mno2 100 kg  In FRU we are taking 300mm bed depth of 4272 vessel the media quantity will be = 0.892*0.3*1.5*1000*2=800kg. 1. Gravels 400 kg. 2. Quartz 400 kg.  Thus Total BOQ in 16000lph plant will be:- 1. Gravels- 840 kg. 2. Plain Sand 440 kg 3. Mno2 100kg 4. Quartz 400 kg 5. Purolite SSTC 60 - 1600 L Case - 1 : Contamination Level 10 ppm = 9mg/l X 16000 l/hr X 8 hr = 1152 g/day   Note - 1. Assume media capacity as 5 gms /lit with 1600 lit resin total capacity of resin is 8000g 2. Treated water Fluoride level = 1.0 ppm  So for fluoride concentration of 10.0 ppm media will last for 8 days (Media Regeneration frequency)                           SAND MEDIA CALCULATION

75. The counter flow-flow regeneration technique is normally made up of 5 steps and typically takes between 1 and 2 hours depending on the detailed design.  The first step of counter flow-flow regeneration is backwash. The backwash water enters the unit through the bottom collection / distribution system, loosening the bed and causing the bed to expand as the water passes up through it. After the backwash a “bed settle” step is required. The bed settle allows the resin to settle back and reform the static bed prior to regenerant injection.  Alum should be introduced at flow rates of 2 to 4 BV/h (0.25 to 0.5 gpm /ft3) and at concentrations of 10 %. The contact time between the resin and the regenerant solution should be minimum 30 minutes. Good contact between the Regenerate solution and the resin is essential for optimum performance. The regeneration level will typically be as high as 120 g/l are sometimes employed  The slow (regenerant displacement) rinse is always carried out at flow rates similar to the injection step. This is to ensure a uniform contact time between the resin and the regenerant solution and that the rinse water follows the same route of the regenerant through the resin bed.  The final rinse is often carried out at the service flow rate. This also acts as a proving condition prior to returning to service after regeneration. DETAILS OF REGENERATION

76. S l No S t e p T i m e C h e m i ca l 1 B a ck w a s h 1 5- 2 m i n F free w a t e r 2 B e d S e t t l i n g 10 m in 3 Reg e nera n t I n j 30 m in A lum 4 S l o w Ri n se 20 m in F free w a t e r 5 Fast R i n se 10 m in R aw w a t er

77. ABOUT 3 VESSEL FLUORIDE REMOVAL PROJECT   As seen from the map, almost all states in India have districts where ground water contains excess levels of FLOURIDE. Fluoride can cause FLUOROSIS. Our suggested Fluoride filtration Model can remove FLUORIDE from raw water easily.  3 nos. Fibre -reinforced plastic filter vessels are used in this project.   1st Step Treatment  MULTI GRADE SAND FILTER FOR SUSPENDED PARTICLE REMOVAL in 3672 FRP vessel   Media Sand : graded sand supported by layers of graded under bed consisting of pebbles and silex , a top distributor to distribute the incoming water uniformly throughout the cross section of the filter, and an under drain system to collect filtered water. Its remove all type of Sedimentation, Mud, Suspended particles etc.   2nd Step Treatment  In this step Selective fluoride removal resin Purolite SSTC60 in two 4272 inch FRP vessel in parallel are used to remove dissolved Fluoride ions from water by selective ion exchange method. It takes on the Fluoride ions from the water and exchanges with other anions. The resin can be regenerated in the site but using normal softener valves and very easy to maintain. Minimum life of the resin is 5 years and it can go beyond.

78. DESIGN FOR 10000 LPH FLUORIDE REMOVAL UNIT D E- FL U O RID A TION U N I T - 3 N O S . Ves s el DE S I G N T H RO U GHP U T F L OW 10 K L H = 1 M3 / HR Quan t i t y of f l u o r ide e f fected w ater to be h a n dled by the D F U on h o urly bas i s

79. PUROLITE SSTC60-AL DESCRIPTION AND DESIGN CALCULATIONS Type P olys t y r ene c ro s slinked w i th d i v i ny l b e n z e ne Provided t h e s ame. S i ze = 0.3 to 1 . 2 mm G o o d s ize f or f l u oride re m oval a p p l i ca t ion Fl u o r ide re m o v a l capaci t y = 5 g /lit Pro d u ct data s h e e t of S S TC 6 0 a n d CSIR app r oval cer t i f i cate at t ached Max F l u ori d e content Fl u o r ide to be remo v ed = 10 mg / l = 9mg/ l i t O ut l et Pa r ame t er as p er d r i nk i n g w ater N o r m Fl u o r ide c ontent to be re m oved on h o u r ly b as i s. = 10000 x 9 mg / hr = 90000 m g /hr = 90 g/hr F l ow m u l t i ply by max. F l u oride co n t e n t w i l l provi d e t h e f l u o r ide co n t e n t s t o be re m o v e d o n H ourly b asis. Fl u o r ide c ontent to be re m oved on da i ly b a sis = 90g/hr x 8hrs = 720g C o n side r i ng 8 hrs p e r d ay p R un n i n g Q u ant i ty of r e s i n required = 1000 l it D esi g n B a sis 1 BV / Hr In f er e nce We h a ve p ro v id ed 3 7 2 F R P ves s el as S a n d fi l ter ve s sel f o r TSS a n d f o ll o w e d by two 3072 in ch F R P ves s el i n pa r a ll el f o r P u rol i te SS T C60 re s i n f o r Fl u o r id e r em o v a l E a c h ve s sel is su i t able f or at 15 d a y w o r k i n g a n d t h e n tak e n f o r r eg e n era t i on w i th A l um He i g ht of R esin 1 100 mm As p er desi g n c a l c u l at i o n s

80. He i g ht of other me d i a 1 00 mm As p er desi g n c a l c u l at i o n s Free b oard m i n imum = 1200 x . 5 mm = 600 mm 5 % of bed d ep t h Vessel S t raight hei g h t mi n i m um = 1200+6 m m = 1800 mm In f erence We have prov id e d 1832 mm HOS vessel SU I T A BLE Puroli t e S S T C 60 r es i n d en s i t y = 780 - 820 g / l it As p er m a n u f acturers speci f i c at i on Vo l ume o c c u p ied by r esin = 1000 l it T o t al q u a nt i ty of r esin D i ame t e r of v ess e l r e qu i r e d Re q ui r ed fl o w= 10k l ph S e r v i c e flow v e l o cit y =22 m / h r A r e a = 1 / 22= 0.454 m2 = Ö ( 0. 4 5 4 / p /4)=0.761m D iame t er = Ö (Ar e a / p /4) We have prov id ed vess e l of d i ame t er 0.7 6 3 m or 3 inch e s H O S of t h e vessel = 1800 mm ( requ i r e d a s B D ta k en 1 m) = 1800 mm provided 1 2 00 mm BD + 50% free b oard In f erence We have prov id e d t w o 30 i n ch ( 7 62m m ) dia a nd 72 inch hei g ht v e s s el SU I T A BLE CONTINUED…

81. In PSF we have taken 1000mm bed depth of 3072 vessel thus media quantity will be = 0.456*1*1.5*1000= 684kg. 1. Gravels 290 kg. 2. Plain Sand 290 kg 3. Mno2 100kg.  In FRU we are taking 100mm bed depth of 3072 vessel the media quantity will be = 0.456*0.25*1.5*1000*2=350kg. 1. Gravels 210 kg. 2 .Quartz 140 kg.  Thus Total BOQ in 12000lph plant will be:- 1. Gravels-500 kg. 2. Plain Sand 290 kg 3. Mno2 100 kg 4. Quartz 140 kg 5. Purolite SSTC 60 - 1000 L Case - 1 :Contamination Level 10 ppm = 9 mg/l X 10000 l/hr X 8 hr = 720 g/day   Note - 1. Assume media capacity as 5 gms /lit with 1000 lit resin total capacity of resin is 5 Kg  2. Treated water Fluoride level = 1.0 ppm  So for fluoride concentration of 10.0 ppm media will last for 8 days (Media Regeneration frequency)             SAND MEDIA CALCULATION

82. The counter flow-flow regeneration technique is normally made up of 5 steps and typically takes between 1 and 2 hours depending on the detailed design.  The first step of counter flow-flow regeneration is backwash. The backwash water enters the unit through the bottom collection / distribution system, loosening the bed and causing the bed to expand as the water passes up through it.  After the backwash a “bed settle” step is required. The bed settle allows the resin to settle back and reform the static bed prior to regenerant injection.  Alum should be introduced at flow rates of 2 to 4 BV/h (0.25 to 0.5 gpm /ft3) and at concentrations of 10 %. The contact time between the resin and the regenerant solution should be minimum 30 minutes. Good contact between the Regenerate solution and the resin is essential for optimum performance. The regeneration level will typically be as high as 120 g/l are sometimes employed  The slow (regenerant displacement) rinse is always carried out at flow rates similar to the injection step. This is to ensure a uniform contact time between the resin and the regenerant solution and that the rinse water follows the same route of the regenerant through the resin bed.  The final rinse is often carried out at the service flow rate. This also acts as a proving condition prior to returning to service after regeneration. DETAILS OF REGENERATION

83. S l No S t e p T i m e C h e m i ca l 1 B a ck w a s h 1 5- 2 m i n F free w a t e r 2 B e d S e t t l i n g 10 m in 3 Reg e nera n t I n j 30 m in A lum 4 S l o w Ri n se 20 m in F free w a t e r 5 Fast R i n se 10 m in R aw w a t er

84. ABOUT 3 VESSEL FLUORIDE REMOVAL PROJECT As seen from the map, almost all states in India have districts where ground water contains excess levels of FLOURIDE. Fluoride can cause FLUOROSIS. Our suggested Fluoride filtration Model can remove FLUORIDE from raw water easily.  3 nos. Fibre -reinforced plastic filter vessels are used in this project.   1st Step Treatment  MULTI GRADE SAND FILTER FOR SUSPENDED PARTICLE REMOVAL of 3072 inch FRP VESSEL  Media Sand : graded sand supported by layers of graded under bed consisting of pebbles and silex , a top distributor to distribute the incoming water uniformly throughout the cross section of the filter, and an under drain system to collect filtered water. It remove all type of Sedimentation, Mud, Suspended particles etc.   2nd Step Treatment  In this step Selective fluoride removal resin Purolite SSTC60 is used in two 3072inch FRP vessels in parallel to remove dissolved Fluoride ions from water by selective ion exchange method. It takes on the Fluoride ions from the water and exchanges with other anions. The resin can be regenerated in the site but using normal softener valves and very easy to maintain. Minimum life of the resin is 5 years and it can go beyond.

85. COMPANY NAME:- M/s SURYA INTERNATIONAL MEDIA USED:- PUROLITE SSTC 60 TESTED BY:- CSIR-IMMT BHUBANESWAR TOTAL DETAILS

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