Fruits

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1. FRUITSFRUITS
Professor Joan S. AwinganProfessor Joan S. Awingan

2. A fruit isA fruit is
 the mature ovary of a flower
 the organ in angiosperms which contains
the seeds
 its function is to protect the seeds as
they develop and help in their dispersal

3.  It is the product of the development
of the ovary wall; the seeds are its
fertilized ovules
The mature ovary wall of the fruit is
the PERICARP. It is made up of
three distinct layers namely:
EXOCARP – outermost
MESOCARP – middle
ENDOCARP - innermost

5. TYPES OF FRUITSTYPES OF FRUITS
SIMPLE – from a single ovary of a single flower
Fleshy - Berry, Drupe, Pome, Hesperidium, Pepo
Dry
Dehiscent – capsule, legume, follicle
Indehiscent – achene, caryopsis (grain), samara, nut
AGGREGATE – from separate simple ovaries of a single flower
MULTIPLE – from the ovaries of several flowers borne close together
on a single axis

6. Fleshy FruitsFleshy Fruits
Soft and pulpy at Soft and pulpy at
maturity maturity

7. DrupeDrupe
Exocarp and mesocarp are soft and Exocarp and mesocarp are soft and
fleshy, juicyfleshy, juicy
Endocarp becomes hard and stony Endocarp becomes hard and stony
(pit) is usually one seed(pit) is usually one seed
Sometimes these are called stone Sometimes these are called stone
fruits. fruits.

8. Drupe: plum, peach, almond, cherry, Drupe: plum, peach, almond, cherry,
coconut, mango, siniguelascoconut, mango, siniguelas

9. Drupe: with pit

10. BerryBerry
Entire pericarp becomes softEntire pericarp becomes soft
and fleshyand fleshy
With few to many seedsWith few to many seeds
Examples: grape, tomato, banana, Examples: grape, tomato, banana,
watermelon, kiwi, lansoneswatermelon, kiwi, lansones

11. Berry: Berry:
grapegrape
Berry: with seeds

12. Hesperidium Hesperidium
Outer soft rind, thick leathery Outer soft rind, thick leathery
skin containing oil and locules skin containing oil and locules
filled with fleshy outgrowths filled with fleshy outgrowths
containing juicecontaining juice
Citrus Fruits belong here.Citrus Fruits belong here.

13. Hesperidium: orange, lemon, Hesperidium: orange, lemon,
grapefruit, limegrapefruit, lime

14. PomePome
The receptacle becomes thick and The receptacle becomes thick and
fleshy out to the covering.fleshy out to the covering.
A few seeds are inside a core which A few seeds are inside a core which
is not eaten because it has a is not eaten because it has a
leathery interior coating. leathery interior coating.
The endocarp around the seeds is The endocarp around the seeds is
papery and leatherypapery and leathery

15. Pome: pear, applePome: pear, apple
Pome: with core

16. DRY FRUITSDRY FRUITS
fruits whose mesocarp is fruits whose mesocarp is
definitely dry at maturitydefinitely dry at maturity

17. Dehiscent fruitsDehiscent fruits
Fruits which open Fruits which open
at maturity to shed at maturity to shed
their seeds.their seeds.

18. Examples:Examples:
FollicleFollicle
LegumeLegume
CapsuleCapsule

19. FollicleFollicle
Fruit splits open along ONE Fruit splits open along ONE
seam.seam.
Ex: kalachuchi, magnoliaEx: kalachuchi, magnolia

20. Follicle: milkweedFollicle: milkweed

21. LegumeLegume
Fruit splits open along Fruit splits open along
TWO seams.TWO seams.
Ex: ipil-ipil, peaEx: ipil-ipil, pea

22. Legume: beanLegume: bean

23. CapsuleCapsule
Fruit opens by various Fruit opens by various
means, usually along means, usually along
more than two seams. more than two seams.
Ex: cotton, poppyEx: cotton, poppy

24. Capsule: lilyCapsule: lily

25. Indehiscent FruitsIndehiscent Fruits
Dry fruits which do Dry fruits which do
not split along definite not split along definite
lines to release seeds at lines to release seeds at
maturity.maturity.

26. Examples:Examples:
AcheneAchene
SamaraSamara
CaryopsisCaryopsis
NutNut

27. AcheneAchene
Seed coat not Seed coat not
fused with ovary fused with ovary
wall.wall.

28. Achene: Sunflower SeedAchene: Sunflower Seed

29. SamaraSamara
Ovary wall forms a Ovary wall forms a
winglike structure.winglike structure.
Dry; frequently used for Dry; frequently used for
seed dispersal by wind.seed dispersal by wind.
Ex: narra, mahoganyEx: narra, mahogany

30. Samara: mapleSamara: maple

31. Caryopsis (grain)Caryopsis (grain)
Seed coat fused Seed coat fused
with ovary wall.with ovary wall.
Ex: rice, wheat, barleyEx: rice, wheat, barley

32. Caryopsis(grain): cornCaryopsis(grain): corn

33. NutNut
Ovary wall is tough and Ovary wall is tough and
woody.woody.
Ex: chestnut, pili nutEx: chestnut, pili nut

34. Nut: acorn, oakNut: acorn, oak

35. Aggregate FruitsAggregate Fruits
From a single flower with many pistils. From a single flower with many pistils.
Each pistil developing into small fruitlets, Each pistil developing into small fruitlets,
but mature as a single fruit in a single but mature as a single fruit in a single
receptacle receptacle
Example: guyabano, strawberry, atisExample: guyabano, strawberry, atis

36. Multiple FruitsMultiple Fruits
Fruit composed of mature ovaries from Fruit composed of mature ovaries from
several flowers. Each flower has its own several flowers. Each flower has its own
receptacle, but as the flower matures receptacle, but as the flower matures
separately into fruitlets, they separately into fruitlets, they
develop together into a develop together into a
single large fruitsingle large fruit
Example: pineappleExample: pineapple