Functional Group: Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones.pptx

Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones

1. Nomenclature of ALDEHYDES & KETONES FC 105 Organic Chemistry  

2. Aldehydes and Ketones Aldehydes and ketones have higher priority than most other functional groups. Therefore, they define the parent chain and give the corresponding suffix. All the other groups standing below in the functional group priority table are added as a prefix. Aldehydes and Ketones 2

3. Aldehydes Organic compounds which incorporate a carbonyl functional group, C=O. The carbon atom of this group has two remaining bonds that may be occupied by hydrogen, alkyl or aryl substituents. If at least one of these substituents is hydrogen, the compound is an aldehyde. 3 Aldehydes and Ketones

4. Naming Aldehydes 4 Find the longest carbon chain containing the -CHO group and change the suffix from “- ane ” to “- al ” dropping the “e” and the locant “1” in the final name: Aldehydes and Ketones

5. Naming Aldehydes September 3, 20XX  Annual Review 5 The substituents are placed in alphabetical order :

6. Naming Aldehydes 6 W hen the -CHO group is on a ring , the suffix changes to “ carbaldehyde ”: Aldehydes and Ketones

7. Naming Aldehydes September 3, 20XX  Annual Review 7 If substituents are also present, the numbering starts from the aldehyde and goes in the direction that minimizes the numbering of the substituents:

8. Ketones Organic compounds which incorporate a carbonyl functional group, C=O. The carbon atom of this group has two remaining bonds that may be occupied by hydrogen, alkyl or aryl substituents. If neither is hydrogen the compound is a ketone. 8 Aldehydes and Ketones

9. Naming Ketones 9 Ch oose the parent chain such that it is the longest carbon chain contains the C=O group , then the suffix changes from “- ane ” to “-one”: Aldehydes and Ketones

10. Naming Ketones 10 When naming a cyclic ketone , start numbering the ring beginning with the carbon connected to the C=O group . This rule always puts the =O group at C1, therefore, the “1” is usually omitted from the name: Aldehydes and Ketones

11. Naming Ketones 11 When other groups are present on the ring, it is numbered clockwise or counterclockwise depending on which direction gives the next substituent the lower number : Aldehydes and Ketones

12. Naming Ketones 12 Ketones can also be identified by their common names : Aldehydes and Ketones

13. 13 Thank you! Aldehydes and Ketones