Functional Groups: Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid.pptx

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid

1. Nomenclature of carboxylic acid

2. Carboxylic Acid An organic compound that contains the carboxyl functional group (-COOH) attached to an R-group.

3. Naming Carboxylic Acid

4. Naming Carboxylic Acids Find the longest carbon chain containing the -COOH group and change the suffix from “- ane ” to “- oic acid” dropping the “e” and the locant “1” in the final name:

5. Naming Carboxylic Acids The substituents are numbered based on the position of the COOH group and placed in alphabetical order :

6. Naming Carboxylic Acids on a Ring In this case, we name the ring and add the words “-carboxylic acid”:

7. Naming Carboxylic Acids on a Ring If substituents are also present, the numbering starts from the carbon connected to the COOH group and goes in the direction that minimizes the numbering of the substituents:

8. Naming Carboxylic Acids with Functional Groups Carboxylic acids have higher priority than all the other functional groups and therefore, they define the parent chain and give the corresponding suffix to the compound’s name. All the other groups standing below in the functional group priority table are added as a prefix.

9. Naming Carboxylic Acids with Functional Groups The parent chain is heptane and we have a heptanoic acid . Halogens are one of the groups that are not considered in the priority list of functional groups, so they are always substituents and get a prefix. So, in the final name, we will simply place “ fluoro ” in the alphabetical order . The nitrile group has a lower priority and will get the prefix “ cyano ” since it is also treated as a substituent:

10. Common Names of Carboxylic Acids

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